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9/12/2020

Movement, coordination, exercise

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WHy exercise is important


Exercise for 30 min to an hour 3 times per week.  High energy exercise that make your heart rate rise.


There is strength training and there is cardio


Vocabulary

​Joint: a place of your body where two or more of your bones come together

Cartilage: tough supportive tissue that is more flexible than bone

Ossification: the process of replacing cartilage with bone

Marrow: fills the spaces in bones, there is red and yellow marrow, red bone marrow produces 100 billion blood cells each day, yellow marrow is in the hollow centers of long bones and stores fat

Ligaments: hold bones together

Osteoporosis: a medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D.
​
Picture
https://www.healthline.com/health/osteoporosis


Fracture: break in bone, simple fracture: bone broken in two, compound fracture: broken ends of the bone pierce the skin

Sprain: overstretched or torn ligament, treated with ice and stabilization, you are likely to have swelling but it can heal on its own

Dislocation: ends of the bone are forced out of their original position, to treat this the bone is put back in place and stabilized with cast or bandage

Torn Cartilage: serious damage to cartilage between bones, happens in knees often

Overuse Injuries: when an activity is performed too often and joint become stressed or inflamed.
​ 

Muscle Building



Types of muscle

Smooth muscle: 
involuntary muscle that causes movements within your body, found in walls of esophagus to move food down and in walls of arteries

Cardiac muscle: involuntary muscle that is only in the heart

Skeletal muscles: muscles that control your activities   



Don't take steroids


Coordination



Muscles connect to nerves



Nervous system: receives information about what is going on inside and outside your body

Neuron: type of cell

Cell Body: the cell body controls the cell's basic functions

Myelin sheath: increases the speed of an impulse

Axon: impulses travel along axons to other cells

Dendrite: carry nerve impulses toward a neuron's cell body 

Synapse: 
the junction between an axon and another cell

Picture
https://askabiologist.asu.edu/neuron-anatomy
​

Nerves connect to muscles at the neuromuscular junction

Picture
Picture

https://www.unm.edu/~lkravitz/Exercise%20Phys/neuromuscular.html


Components of nervous System



​Cerebrum: 85 percent of the brain's weight

Cerebellum: coordinates body movement

Brain Stem: between cerebellum and spinal cord, midbrain, pons and medulla 

Spinal Cord: a thick column of nerve tissue that links the brain to most of the nerves in the peripheral nervous system

Reflexes: automatic response to your environment 

Peripheral Nervous System: carries information to the central nervous system from eyes, ear and sense organs

Sensory Division: carry information about your outside environment 

Motor Division: carries responses back to your muscles and glands 

Somatic nervous system: carry signals that control voluntary actions such as chewing food

Autonomic nervous system: regulates actions that happen automatically, like  breathing and digestion 
​


Severe INJURIES



​Concussion: bruise like injury

Contusion: swelling in brain

Coma: severe trauma, long period of unconsciousness  

Paralysis: loss of ability to move

Traumatic brain injury (TBI): is a sudden injury that causes damage to the brain

Epilepsy and Seizures are Frequently Caused by a Traumatic Brain Injury. 



injuries may be connected to meningitis



Safe Exercises



Setting goals


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