What to know for your driver's exam
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Mental Health information sourcesWhat you need to learn in this courseReflect on alternatives to health risk behaviors in the areas related to:
(e.g., abstinence, condom use, other pregnancy prevention methods, selection of healthy food choices, “natural highs,” etc.); How to analyze situations related to health crises and formulate solutions to intervene or prevent the crisis (i.e., a friend tells you he is thinking about suicide; a friend tells you he is smoking, a friend tells you she is pregnant, etc.) Stages of Grief:
What we learn to do as we reach adulthood:
Food Macronutrients: Protein, carbohydrates, and fat Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients https://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/six-essential-nutrients#minerals mental wellness termsPersonality disorders: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/personality-disorders/symptoms-causes/syc-20354463 Narcissist Personality Disorder: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcissistic-personality-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20366662 Borderline personality disorder: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20370237 Histrionic Personality Disorder: https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/histrionic-personality-disorder#1 Mental Illness: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/symptoms-causes/syc-20374968 What Is Schizophrenia? https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/schizophrenia/what-is-schizophrenia What Are Bipolar Disorders? https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/bipolar-disorders/what-are-bipolar-disorders Practice Test QUestionsWhat is the number one most preventable cause of death in the United States?
A. drinking alcohol B. smoking tobacco* C. sexual activity D. driving recklessly A 25 year old male has been consuming enough alcohol to become intoxicated every day since the age of 13. What is the long term physical effect of this behavior? A. headache B. nausea C. hang over D. cirrhosis* A friend has recently been diagnosed with cancer and refuses to accept treatment. He says, “Nothing is wrong. I’m fine.” What stage of grief is he likely experiencing? A. anger B. acceptance C. denial * D. sadness The five stages: denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance are a part of the framework that makes up our learning to live with the one we lost. List the correct order of steps for decision making. A. define the problem, list the possible options, decide and act, evaluate end result* B. evaluate end result, list the possible options, rethink the problem, decide and act C. define the problem, reevaluate the problem, think about answers, act D. list possible options, decide on action, evaluate end result, act Andrew’s friend Angela tells him that she is very depressed. What is the best way for Andrew to help her? A. Andrew should keep it secret and hope the situation improves. B. Andrew should give Angela his personal advice. C. Andrew should change the subject as not to upset Angela. D. Andrew should tell a trusted and knowledgeable adult like a counselor or a teacher. * What is stress and how do we manage stress? Stress is your body's way of responding to any kind of demand or threat. When you sense danger—whether it's real or imagined—the body's defenses kick into high gear in a rapid, automatic process known as the “fight-or-flight/freeze” reaction or the "stress response." The stress response is the body's way of protecting you. What influences health behaviors (e.g., messages around sexual behavior, STI/HIV, condom use, exercise, nutrition, violence, alcohol, etc.)? Compare and contrast how advances in technology positively or negatively impact personal, family, peer and community health (i.e., use of computers and television vs. physical activity time, effects on communication skills, access to medical care, etc.). What are some consequences of risky and harmful behaviors on self and/or others in the areas related to sexuality; nutrition; alcohol, tobacco and other drug use; physical activity; personal safety; mental, social and emotional well-being? It’s normal for you to feel worried about risky behavior like:
Know how to read a nutrition label To figure out price per ounce of a product divide the cost by the ounces. When one is raped by someone that they barely know it is called acquaintance rape, it usually happens when the victim is intoxicated and isolated, rape is an act of violence/ power and control. How do we make decisions in this area?What you do should be your decision. We are influenced by movies, family, peers, religion, relationship partners... When people have more information they are empowered to choose wisely. There are some laws to take into consideration:
It is important to take risks and benefits into consideration to see what level of physical intimacy you are prepared for. Risks of moving too fast:
Benefits could be:
You can feel empowered to make your own decision by not having sex too. Choosing celibacy is safe and autonomous. You can still connect to your partner by getting to know them better and doing fun things together like going on a hike or visiting a museum. Emotional IntimacyA couple can have a close relationship without being sexually active through developing: Openness:
Sharing:
Affection:
Trust:
Abstinence Skills
sex- EdNobody should judge you based on a number or slut shame/prude shame. What matters is that all that happens is truly your decision and you are safe. Many people look back and realize that some of their experiences were the result of coercion and manipulation. Unfortunately, sexual coercion has become so normalized that we stopped being able to identify it as rape, coerced consent is not consent at all. It can be difficult to explain coercion to someone who thinks that coercion is ok, they might deny what they did, perhaps only to get away with it and convince you that they did not know any better, perhaps because they don't want to see themselves as a rapist. Rape, Sexual AssaultA rapist can be a person of any sex or gender. For sex positive consent look at this checklist:
Consent is vital
No means No Things rapists sayTO get you isolated (these are not always said with bad intent)
To justify rape/ coercion
After raping
If you want to leave them because they raped you
Why is it important to talk about this? Rape culture a setting in which rape is pervasive and normalized due to societal attitudes about gender and sexuality. We are breaking away from this, the myth of being "stuck in our ways" has been dismantled, people are constantly evolving, evaluating, and changing. People can change themselves, when they want to. Rape can happen to anyone, we do have some normalized phrases and attitudes that normalize the rape of women by men. Examples of Rape Culture:
According to current statistics: One in five women and one in 71 men will be raped at some point in their lives: https://www.nsvrc.org/statistics Rape is under reported due to shame, lack of consequences, and retaliation for reporting on behalf of the rapist. Some people think that other people are just there to use for sex and prefer to keep them around as "friends" so they can use them whenever they want, so many rapists keep victims around as friends. Since rape is about power and control, the rapist makes sure that they have a sense of power and control over the victim before raping, it could be reminding a woman that men are stronger to make sure that the woman believes that they cannot fight their way out of rape. One can fight their way out of rape, and also, should never have to.
victim blaming
Here are some examples of victim blaming lines:
Saying these things propagates abuse and helps abusers. https://msmagazine.com/2013/05/28/rape-splaining-10-examples-of-victim-blaming/ What an unhealthy relationship is likeUnhealthy relationships are based on power and control instead of love and respect. These are some unhealthy behaviors.
What a healthy relationship is like
A healthy relationship is an expression of mutual respect. AFter you take all of that into consideration, you can reflect on safe sexAn important consideration is Sexually Transmitted Infections/ Diseases (STIs)  Kati Morton, licensed therapist, has a series of videos on Youtube Dental DamsOne can get an STI from oral sex, or from lesbian sex, the world needs better methods for safe sex in this area, you can invent a new device
https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/dental-dam https://www.self.com/story/the-safe-sex-method-youre-not-using Forms of Contraception Plan B PrEP for HIV Pre-exposure prophylaxis (or PrEP) is a way for people who do not have HIV but who are at very high risk of getting HIV to prevent HIV infection by taking a pill every day. The pill (brand name Truvada) contains two medicines (tenofovir and emtricitabine) that are used in combination with other medicines to treat HIV. Who is PrEP recommended for? The USPSTF recommends that the following persons be considered for PrEP: 1. Men who have sex with men, are sexually active, and have 1 of the following characteristics:
2. Heterosexually active women and men who have 1 of the following characteristics:
3. Persons who inject drugs and have 1 of the following characteristics:
Persons who engage in transactional sex, such as sex for money, drugs, or housing, including commercial sex workers or persons trafficked for sex work, constitute another group at high risk of HIV acquisition and should be considered for PrEP based on the criteria outlined above. Men who have sex with men and women are at risk of HIV acquisition and should be evaluated for PrEP according to the criteria outlined above for men who have sex with men and heterosexually active men. Transgender women and men who are sexually active may be at increased risk of HIV acquisition and should be considered for PrEP based on the criteria outlined above. Transgender women are at especially high risk of HIV acquisition. The CDC estimates that approximately one-fourth of transgender women are living with HIV, and more than half (an estimated 56%) of black/African American transgender women are living with HIV.4 Although trials of PrEP enrolled few transgender women and no trials have been conducted among transgender men, PrEP has been shown to reduce the risk of HIV acquisition during receptive and insertive anal and vaginal sex. Therefore, its use may be considered in all persons (cisgender and transgender) at high risk of sexual acquisition of HIV. More partners= higher risk We have good reason to want to know people on a deeper level before we become more intimately involved Resourceshttp://www.scarleteen.com/ https://teenlineonline.org/ Safe LGBT Sex Information https://www.thetrevorproject.org/ https://www.morethantwo.com/ https://www.loveisrespect.org/ https://www.fyinm.org/ https://www.mentalhealth.gov/get-help/immediate-help https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/ http://thesexpositiveparent.com WHy exercise is importantExercise for 30 min to an hour 3 times per week. High energy exercise that make your heart rate rise. There is strength training and there is cardio Vocabulary Joint: a place of your body where two or more of your bones come together Cartilage: tough supportive tissue that is more flexible than bone Ossification: the process of replacing cartilage with bone Marrow: fills the spaces in bones, there is red and yellow marrow, red bone marrow produces 100 billion blood cells each day, yellow marrow is in the hollow centers of long bones and stores fat Ligaments: hold bones together Osteoporosis: a medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D. 
Fracture: break in bone, simple fracture: bone broken in two, compound fracture: broken ends of the bone pierce the skin Sprain: overstretched or torn ligament, treated with ice and stabilization, you are likely to have swelling but it can heal on its own Dislocation: ends of the bone are forced out of their original position, to treat this the bone is put back in place and stabilized with cast or bandage Torn Cartilage: serious damage to cartilage between bones, happens in knees often Overuse Injuries: when an activity is performed too often and joint become stressed or inflamed.
Muscle BuildingTypes of muscle Smooth muscle: involuntary muscle that causes movements within your body, found in walls of esophagus to move food down and in walls of arteries Cardiac muscle: involuntary muscle that is only in the heart Skeletal muscles: muscles that control your activities Don't take steroids CoordinationMuscles connect to nervesNervous system: receives information about what is going on inside and outside your body Neuron: type of cell Cell Body: the cell body controls the cell's basic functions Myelin sheath: increases the speed of an impulse Axon: impulses travel along axons to other cells Dendrite: carry nerve impulses toward a neuron's cell body Synapse: the junction between an axon and another cell    Components of nervous SystemCerebrum: 85 percent of the brain's weight Cerebellum: coordinates body movement Brain Stem: between cerebellum and spinal cord, midbrain, pons and medulla Spinal Cord: a thick column of nerve tissue that links the brain to most of the nerves in the peripheral nervous system Reflexes: automatic response to your environment Peripheral Nervous System: carries information to the central nervous system from eyes, ear and sense organs Sensory Division: carry information about your outside environment Motor Division: carries responses back to your muscles and glands Somatic nervous system: carry signals that control voluntary actions such as chewing food Autonomic nervous system: regulates actions that happen automatically, like breathing and digestion Severe INJURIESConcussion: bruise like injury Contusion: swelling in brain Coma: severe trauma, long period of unconsciousness Paralysis: loss of ability to move Traumatic brain injury (TBI): is a sudden injury that causes damage to the brain Epilepsy and Seizures are Frequently Caused by a Traumatic Brain Injury. injuries may be connected to meningitis
Safe ExercisesSetting goalsHow we choose what we eat
Reading a food labelClick for FDA web page: How to Understand and Use the Nutrition Facts Label DigestionEating a balanced diet with plenty of fiber is best for your digestive system What is diabetes?  Lung HealthOf course, oxygen gets through masks and Vaping is bad Liver HealthBinge Drinking5 or more drinks on a single occasion for men or 4 or more drinks on a single occasion for women, generally within about 2 hours.   What a drink means  What makes a family healthy?Families are healthy when everyone takes care of themselves, and each other. Each person has to work on their own self esteem and support the well-being of their family members. This does not mean that it is anyone's job to make sure that someone else has a high self esteem. It is however, our job to not intentionally hurt anyone else's sense of self worth. VOcabulary from the bookNuclear family- a couple and their children, any gender or sexuality Adoption- the legal process through which a couple will take another persons' child into their family Single parent family- only one parent lives with children Extended family- group of close relatives living together or near each other, grandparents, teachers, uncles, aunts, or cousins Blended family- when parents remarry and children from both parents live together Foster family- when people take care of a child while their biological family is not able to take care of them CHoresAll members of the family are meant to share responsibilities, chores and responsibilities can be adjusted according to age. Youth can help with cleaning and cooking regardless of gender. Cooking and cleaning are basic life skills. Household Chores Appropriate for Adolescents of Any Age
What is Self esteem?Confidence in one's own worth; self-respect. Respect? a feeling of deep admiration for someone or something elicited by their abilities, qualities, or achievements. Many psychologists think that high self-esteem has a positive effect on health, while low self-esteem has a negative effect on health. Accept yourself and treat yourself well, with self- compassion. Self-compassion is extending compassion to one's self in instances of perceived inadequacy, failure, or general suffering. While there is little doubt that low self-esteem is problematic and often leads to depression and lack of motivation, trying to have higher self-esteem can also be problematic if it is done by putting other people down. Family members get to help each other with
Teaching Everyone Self-COmpassionSelf-kindness vs. Self-judgment: Self-compassionate people recognize that being imperfect, failing, and experiencing life difficulties is inevitable, so they tend to be gentle with themselves when confronted with painful experiences rather than getting angry when life falls short of set ideals. Common humanity vs. Isolation: Frustration at not having things exactly as we want is often accompanied by an irrational but pervasive sense of isolation – as if “I” were the only person suffering or making mistakes. Mindfulness vs. Over-identification: We cannot ignore our pain and feel compassion for it at the same time. Acknowledge it, feel what you feel, and let it go. The pain does not define you, the experience does not define you. Why it can be hard to love ourselves sometimesSome say that we give ourselves the love that we think we deserve, not what we actually deserve, we each deserve the best. Sometimes we are taught that we don't deserve to be treated well and we need to unlearn that. Oppression dynamics can lead us to believe that we don't deserve as much happiness as other people and we end up with internalized oppression. Lack of Privilege can make us feel limited until we limit ourselves Sometimes the past and limitations of the adults in our life lead us to hold ourselves back Everything is constantly changing and the experience of the adult is at least over a decade old, there is still a lot you can learn from them, remember that you might have more opportunities than they did, or live in a more loving world, thankfully. Healthy Family Dynamic Includespg 126 Caring and Commitment
Respect and Appreciation
Empathy
Communication
Cooperation
Family VIolence
Healthy Family PracticesResolving Conflicts: by focusing on collaboration and compromise Expressing Emotions: being a safe space for elf expression is critical Making decisions: as an egalitarian family unit where all members have an equal share in the decision making process Managing Time: creating goals with timelines that are broken down into smaller steps so the members of the family can keep track of the progress When the family needs help: family therapy, support groups, community involvement, individual counseling aside from family therapy COnflict ResolutionDescribe the problem:
See the other persons point of view:
Involve the other person:
Stress Happens when our needs are not being met What is stress?Stress is the response of your body and mind to being challenged or threatened. Positive stress is eustress awkward situations that help us grow, they cause stress but the result is beneficial for our overall well being Examples
Negative stress is distress
Stressor event or situation that causes stress
What are some common stressors Everyday problems
Life changes
Catastrophes
Environmental problems
How stress may affect usStages of Stress Response Alarm Stage during the alarm stage, your body releases adrenaline into your blood, it causes an immediate change in your body: heart rate speeds up, muscles tense up, breathing speeds up, your attention narrows and you focus on the stressor. (Life hack [as long as alarm stage is not alerting you to something that you need to react to to save your life]: look at your surroundings and notice four items, take note of sounds around you, take your mind off the stressor) Resistance Stage you feel that it is all good because the alarm stage is gone but you still experience the stress, you try to adapt to it and go by your day. Sometimes we react with bottled up, accumulated stress and [small things] set us off. Your body is working hard to cope during the resistance stage and you may be inexplicably irritated, tired, and less able to handle additional stress. Traffic is a common cause of this state or resistance. Exhaustion Stage Your body can no longer keep up with the demands placed on it, depleted emotional and or physical state. this happens after a long time of resistance stage, it can happen when we lose a loved one. It is not permanent but it can last years. PHYSICAL effects of StressSigns of stress, pg. 63:
What is stress managementResponses to stress
Time management and coping
Planning and Time ManagementGoalsGoal Setting To make sure your goals are clear and reachable, each one should be:
Coping skills
Unhealthy Defense Mechanisms Denial refusing to recognize an emotion or problem, acting as though nothing is wrong Compensation making up for weakness in one area by excelling in another area Rationalization Making excuses for actions of feelings Reaction formation behaving in a way opposite to the way you feel Projection putting your own faults onto another person Regression returning to immature behaviors to express emotion Building communityPeople can work together to create an environment that supports a healthy community, also remember, taxes are meant to promote the common good. Write three things or ideas that help with each of these dimensions of wellness: Emotional Environmental Financial Occupational Intellectual Physical Social Spiritual We are complex beingsWe feel far more than happiness, and anger, so people say that we have seven main emotions, some say twelve, Forbes says twentyseven. Here are some of our human emotions: Adoration, Amusement, Anger, Awe, Confusion, Contempt, Desire, Disappointment, Distress, Fear, Interest and Sadness Click below for this interactive map, a collection of videos that evoke certain emotions: https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/emogifs/map.html#  The map is part of a study that was published in Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences by Alan S. Cowen and Dacher Keltner, PhD from the University of California, Berkeley. Feelings and ScienceCannon-Bard Theory of Emotion James- Lange Theory of Emotion MindfulnessBeing aware of what we are feeling before taking action Practice Self-COmpassionkindness matters |
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