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11/20/2019

Brain Development

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What Affects Cognitive Development? 


Cognitive development refers to how a person perceives, thinks, and gains understanding of his or her world through the interaction of genetic and learned factors. Among the areas of cognitive development are information processing, intelligence , reasoning, language development , and memory.
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http://www.healthofchildren.com/C/Cognitive-Development.html
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Piaget’s theory


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https://www.cleverism.com/piagets-theory/



Brain Development



Parts of the Brain


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A Nerve Cell


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https://www.oxfordsparks.ox.ac.uk/content/brain-development-teenagers
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https://www.slideshare.net/lightjump/chapter-3-drugs-and-the-nervous-system
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Types of Nerves



  • Sensory neurons carry signals from the outer parts of your body (periphery) into the central nervous system.

  • Motor neurons (motoneurons) carry signals from the central nervous system to the outer parts (muscles, skin, glands) of your body.
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  • Interneurons connect various neurons within the brain and spinal cord.
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Synaptic Pruning



Brain Development COntinues



Anxiety



Do Drugs Affect Brain Development?



Glutamate
 is the main excitatory and GABA the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian cortex.
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Chemistry of Addiction



Neurotransmitters 


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https://www.compoundchem.com/2015/07/30/neurotransmitters/
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Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic


Both part of the autonomic nervous system, autonomic means it works on it's own without conscious thought. 

The 
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems work involuntarily. 

Sympathetic is responsible for the response commonly referred to as "fight or flight," while parasympathetic is referred to as "rest and digest."


The sympathetic nervous system is the part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body to react to stresses such as threat or injury.

It causes muscles to contract and heart rate to increase.

The parasympathetic nervous system is the part of the autonomic nervous system that controls functions of the body at rest. It helps maintain homeostasis in the body.

It causes muscles to relax and heart rate to decrease.​

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http://www.softschools.com/difference/sympathetic_vs_parasympathetic/143/
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Autonomic Nervous System


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​https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain,-spinal-cord,-and-nerve-disorders/autonomic-nervous-system-disorders/overview-of-the-autonomic-nervous-system


​​Functions of the autonomic nervous system



The autonomic nervous system controls internal body processes such as the following:
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  • Blood pressure
  • Heart and breathing rates
  • Body temperature
  • Digestion
  • Metabolism (thus affecting body weight)
  • The balance of water and electrolytes (such as sodium and calcium)
  • The production of body fluids (saliva, sweat, and tears)
  • Urination
  • Defecation
  • Sexual response
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Picture

https://www.slideshare.net/KamrulHasan29/drugs-that-affect-the-autonomic-nervous-system
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Picture
https://www.slideshare.net/lightjump/chapter-3-drugs-and-the-nervous-system

Growth Mindset


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