where do plants come from?

---

Cyanobacteria Stromatolites

---

http://www.almadartebio.org/biology-page/types-of-life

​Stromatolites: are about 3.5 billion years old, calcareous mound built up of layers of lime-secreting cyanobacteria and trapped sediment, found in Precambrian rocks as the earliest known fossils, and still being formed in lagoons in Australasia.

Prokaryotes: about 3.5 billion years ago, a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles.

• Prokaryotes include the bacteria and cyanobacteria.

Types of cells:

• Prokaryotic cells
• Eukaryotic cells

​Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, eukaryotic cells do not

Endosymbiotic Theory: the theory that free-living prokaryotic cells engulfed (ate) other free-living prokaryotic cells billions of years ago, forming eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts

​Photosynthesis is the chemical reaction through which sunlight is transformed into sugar to use as:

1). usable energy to power cellular functions
2). stored energy that is kept in oils as potential energy and
3). some energy is used as building blocks for cell structures.  

The molecule that cells use to power energy requiring functions is called ATP. 

algae, a single celled organism that is not a plant but does photosynthesize.  

It is a protist.  

Algae can help us as food, fertilizer, and biofuel.  it forms a big part of the base of the planetary food chain along with plankton.

Algae can be grown in open ponds and then the cells can be broken and separated into many components (pg 86).  We can get oil for biodiesel, the carbohydrates can be fermented and used to produce ethanol which can be burned as fuel or electricity, the proteins can be used to feed people or livestock and the leftover biomass can be used as an organic fertilizer or burned for heat or electricity.  It is good to consider our alternative, renewable energy sources.

Energy many be measured in joules, a joule is equal to the energy transferred to an object when a force of one newton acts on that object in the direction of its motion through a distance of one metre.

A megajoule is 1,000,000.00 joules

Producing one megajoule of Biodiesel removes 183 Kilograms of the greenhouse gas CO2 from the air while producing one megajoule of energy in Ethanol from corn adds 81-84 Kilograms of CO2 to the air. 

We breathe out CO2 and plants use it to photosynthesize, a by product of photosynthesis is oxygen and we need a balance of chemicals in the air because breathing in too much CO2 is not good for us.

Here are some of the common symptoms of too much CO2, we call it respiratory acidosis:

• fatigue or drowsiness.
• becoming tired easily.
• confusion.
• shortness of breath.
• sleepiness.
• headache.

We could die in an unbalanced environment.
​

---

Plant Development

---

---

energy sources for machines

---

CURRENT ENERGY SOURCES IN THE US

• 40% fossil fuel petroleum
• 8% Nuclear Electric Power
• 23% Natural GAs
• 22% Coal
• 7% Renewable Energy

OF THAT 7% THAT IS RENEWABLE ENERGY

• 1% Solar energy, less than 1%
• 36% Hydroelectric
• 5% Geothermal energy
• 53% Biomass
• 5% Wind Energy
• SO you can see, there is room for growth here 

think about the energy that is consumed to produce our food 

---

Ecowave 

---