Types of GYMNOSPERMSAngiosperms produce flower Gymnosperms have odd seed container such as pine cones Conifers Around 550 species of conifer trees exist worldwide and make up the largest group of gymnosperms. Conifers may be evergreen or deciduous Examples of evergreen conifers include:
Their cones may be hard and dry, such as with pine and spruce trees, or fleshy, like with junipers. Some conifers lose their needles or scaly leaves in winter:
Conifers tend to inhabit colder and drier habitats around the world. Pines  Fir
Cedar
Spruces
Junipers
Hemlocks
Yew
deciduous conifersLarches
 Cypress
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Plants adapt through chemical signalsThe three key pigments in photosynthesis: chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and β-carotene, to absorb darker frequencies of light a plant may produce more pigments that absorb dimmer light and become darker or appear red.   https://students.ga.desire2learn.com/d2l/lor/viewer/viewFile.d2lfile/1798/12577/photosynthesis6.html  Plant HormonesAuxin hormones help plants detect light, however, auxins are toxic to plants in large concentrations; they are most toxic to dicots and less so to monocots. Auxins are used to produce seedless fruit. Synthetic auxin herbicides, including 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T, have been developed and used for weed control, 2,4-D is a synthetic auxin. The defoliant Agent Orange, used extensively by British forces in the Malayan Emergency and American forces in the Vietnam War, was a mix of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. The compound 2,4-D is still in use and is thought to be safe, but 2,4,5-T was more or less banned by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1979. The dioxin TCDD is an unavoidable contaminant produced in the manufacture of 2,4,5-T. As a result of the integral dioxin contamination, 2,4,5-T has been implicated in leukemia, miscarriages, birth defects, liver damage, and other diseases. Seedless FruitTalking to PlantsPollinationCan a plant grow inside a person?WHere does Honey come from
Bee Struggles
FUngal COmmunicationAnimals that PHOTOSYNTHESIZEGardening for Fire ResistanceMany forms of forest Destruction are Caused by PeopleWays to Put Out a FireCarbon Trapping TechnologyCarbon is in MethaneBonus: New form of PlasticTypes of FruitPome - most of the fruit is formed from the receptacle (under the flower) eg pear, apple Drupe - has fleshy fruit and a single seed with a hard endocarp eg peaches, coconut and olives Berry - has many seeds eg tomatoes, peppers and cucumber but not strawberries! Aggregate fruit - develop from one flower with many pistils eg strawberries. Legumes - split along two sides eg beans, peas Capsules - are dry fruit that have several carpels eg orchids Nuts - have one seed and a hard pericarp eg acorns Grains - have the fruit and seed joined closely together eg wheat, rice, barley. Multiple fruits - come from several different flowers joined together eg pineapples. Drupes  More soonOur Garden Progress   Plant Anatomy   Vascular PlantsXylem and Phloem: Xylem transports water and soluble mineral nutrients from roots to various parts of the plant. It is responsible for replacing water lost through transpiration and photosynthesis. Phloem translocates sugars made by photosynthetic areas of plants to storage organs like roots, tubers or bulbs.  VocabularyHerbaceous Plant: Soft parts, no wood Woody Plant: Can grow taller and longer Annual: Lives one season Perennial: Lives several years  Plants use Energy from the Sun to make SUgar and Oxygen These Hormones are Transported within the Plant Plant GrowthWhat do Pumpkins and Watermelon Have in Common?They are both cucurbits: squash, pumpkin, zucchini, some gourds The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits and the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera.  Other Plant Families Scientific name: Amaryllidaceae Common name: Aamaryllis family Onions, leeks, chives, garlic, shallots Scientific name: Apiaceae Common name: Carrot family Carrot, parsnip, celery, fennel, parsley, celeriac Scientific name: Asteraceae Common name: Sunflower family Endive, artichoke, lettuce, celtuce, sunflower, salsify, dandelion, chicory, radicchio Scientific name: Brassicaceae Common name: Mustard family Broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, collard, horseradish, kale, kohlrabi, radish, rutabaga, turnip, watercress Scientific name: Chenopodiaceae Common name: Goosefoot family Beet, chard, spinach, amaranth, quinoa Scientific name: Cucurbitaceae Common name: Gourd family Cucumber, melon, pumpkin, squash, watermelon, summer squash, zucchini, gourd Scientific name: Fabaceae Common name: Pea family Bean, Peanut, Pea, lentil, soybean, alfalfa, cowpea Scientific name: Pocaceae Common name: Grass family Corn, millet, rice, barley, wheat, rye, oats, sorghum Scientific name: Polygonaceae Common name: Knotweed family Buckwheat, rhubarb Scientific name: Solanaceae Common name: Nightshade family Eggplant, pepper, potato, tomato, tomatillo, tobacco Xylem and PhloemStrawberryRose family (Rosaceae)
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