ALMA D'ARTE

botany class


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9/30/2019

Types of Fruit

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Types of Fruit



Pome - most of the fruit is formed from the receptacle (under the flower) eg pear, apple
​
Drupe - has fleshy fruit and a single seed with a hard endocarp eg peaches, coconut and olives

Berry - has many seeds eg tomatoes, peppers and cucumber but not strawberries!

Aggregate fruit - develop from one flower with many pistils eg strawberries.

Legumes - split along two sides eg beans, peas

Capsules - are dry fruit that have several carpels eg orchids

Nuts - have one seed and a hard pericarp eg acorns

Grains - have the fruit and seed joined closely together eg wheat, rice, barley.

Multiple fruits - come from several different flowers joined together eg pineapples.


http://web.fscj.edu/David.Byres/botanynotes/botanych8notes.html

Drupes


Picture
https://feedyourskull.com/2013/02/22/what-is-a-drupe/
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​https://biology4isc.weebly.com/seeds-and-fruits.html
​
https://www2.palomar.edu/users/warmstrong/fruitid1.htm

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Our Garden Progress


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9/17/2019

Parts of the Plant

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Plant Anatomy


Picture

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany


Picture

https://www.britannica.com/science/style-plant-anatomy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany

Vascular Plants



​Xylem and Phloem:  ​

Xylem transports water and soluble mineral nutrients from roots to various parts of the plant. It is responsible for replacing water lost through transpiration and photosynthesis. Phloem translocates sugars made by photosynthetic areas of plants to storage organs like roots, tubers or bulbs.

https://www.diffen.com/difference/Phloem_vs_Xylem
​

Picture
https://vivadifferences.com/understanding-phloem-vs-xylem-cells/

Vocabulary



​Herbaceous Plant: Soft parts, no wood

​Woody Plant: Can grow taller and longer

Annual: Lives one season

Perennial: Lives several years
​
Picture
https://www.thespruce.com/definition-of-annual-plants-2132403

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9/17/2019

Items to Order

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9/16/2019

Photosynthesis

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Plants use Energy from the Sun to make SUgar and Oxygen


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https://www.britannica.com/science/chloroplast

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9/13/2019

Plant hormones

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These Hormones are Transported within the Plant


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https://ib.bioninja.com.au/higher-level/topic-9-plant-biology

Plant Growth


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9/11/2019

Plant Families

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What do Pumpkins and Watermelon Have in Common?


They are both cucurbits: squash, pumpkin, zucchini, some gourds

The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits and the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera.


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Other Plant Families


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http://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/polkco/
Scientific name: Amaryllidaceae

Common name: Aamaryllis family

Onions, leeks, chives, garlic, shallots

Scientific name: Apiaceae

Common name: Carrot family

Carrot, parsnip, celery, fennel, parsley, celeriac

Scientific name: Asteraceae

Common name: Sunflower family

Endive, artichoke, lettuce, celtuce, sunflower, salsify, dandelion, chicory, radicchio

Scientific name: Brassicaceae

Common name: Mustard family

Broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, collard, horseradish, kale, kohlrabi, radish, rutabaga, turnip, watercress

Scientific name: Chenopodiaceae

Common name: Goosefoot family

Beet, chard, spinach, amaranth, quinoa

Scientific name: Cucurbitaceae

Common name: Gourd family

Cucumber, melon, pumpkin, squash, watermelon, summer squash, zucchini, gourd

Scientific name: Fabaceae

Common name: Pea family

Bean, Peanut, Pea, lentil, soybean, alfalfa, cowpea

Scientific name: Pocaceae

Common name: Grass family

Corn, millet, rice, barley, wheat, rye, oats, sorghum

Scientific name: Polygonaceae

Common name: Knotweed family

Buckwheat, rhubarb

Scientific name: Solanaceae

Common name: Nightshade family


Eggplant, pepper, potato, tomato, tomatillo, tobacco

​https://www.farmanddairy.com/top-stories/

Xylem and Phloem



Strawberry


Rose family (Rosaceae)

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9/5/2019

Entomology

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The Study of Insects


When we think about plants it is vital to also think about insects and their relationships with plants.  Some insects eat plants while some eat the insects that eat plants. 

As we learn how the different species coexist we can learn what environment to foster within our garden. 

​Some plants attract pollinators and can strengthen our gardening efforts.

Words have Etymology


The roots of a word, they tell us where that word comes from, most roots are in Greek or Latin

THe etymology of Entomology


Ento-

ology- The study of


The word etymology derives from the Greek word ἐτυμολογία (etumología), itself from ἔτυμον (étumon), meaning "true sense or sense of a truth", and the suffix -logia, denoting "the study of".

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etymology


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9/3/2019

Insect Orders and Families

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Insect Taxonomy


Kingdom

Phylum 

Class

Order 

Family

Genus 

Species
​
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​The names of insect families are usually based on the type of wing, -ptera means wing in Greek.


Hemiptera



Half Lace, Half Leathery Wing
​

Aphids are hemipterans


Homoptera



​The entire wing looks like lace.


Orthoptera



​Straight, leathery Wing

https://www.insectimages.org/browse/taxthumb.cfm?order=159
Picture
http://cricketcare.org/anatomy/

Hymenoptera



​Joint Wing

https://bugguide.net/node/view/59

Coleoptera



​Hard/Shell Wing

http://tolweb.org/Coleoptera 

Lady Beetle Life Stages
​
Picture
https://photos.com/featured/convergent-ladybug-beetle-

​Pupa

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Lady Beetle Emerging:
Picture
Picture
https://everything-ladybug.com/ladybug-life-cycle.html

Lepidoptera



Scale Wing, Moths and Butterflies 


Odonata



Diptera


Mosquitoes and Flies
https://bugguide.net/node/view/55
https://www.planetnatural.com/pest-problem-solver

Bioaccumulation


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