ALMA D'ARTE

botany class


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8/27/2019

Beneficial Insects

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They help Us With Balance


Beneficial insects are any of a number of species of insects that perform valued services like pollination and pest control. 
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​Beneficial Insects for Pest Control
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  • Ladybug. Preys: aphids, whitefly, mites, fleas, Colorado potato beetle. 
  • Praying Mantis. Preys: wide range including caterpillars, moths, beetles, and crickets. 
  • Spiders. 
  • Ground Beetles. 
  • Aphid Midges. 
  • Braconid Wasps.
  • Damsel Bugs. 
  • Green Lacewings.
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https://www.organiclesson.com/beneficial-insects-garden-pest-control/
​

Picture
https://lilyflowerstore.com/beneficial-insects-garden/

https://theconversation.com/in-red-and-black-the-genetics-of-ladybug-spots-104811
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LadyBeetle


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This photo is from our watermelon raised bead, you see lady beetles mating, pre-pupa lady beetles, and an assassin bug.
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Young lady beetle surrounded by aphid exoskeletons 
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Lady beetle eggs

What they eat



Aphids, they might actually be able to photosynthesize 
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Picture
https://io9.gizmodo.com/aphids-may-be-the-only-insects-that-can-photosynthesize
Whitefly:
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https://www.growveg.com/guides/5-organic-controls-for-greenhouse-whitefly/

Assassin Bug



We can Look Up Pests and Beneficial Insects By Crop


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Resources: 
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https://www.vegedge.umn.edu/pest-profiles/crop
https://agrilife.org/extensionento/resources/
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https://www.saga.co.uk/magazine/home-garden


Chilocorus stigma


They are related to the lady beetle and are quite a bit smaller,
​they mainly eat scale insects 
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​https://biocontrol.entomology.cornell.edu/predators/Chilocoruss.php


​Scale Insects: 

Picture
https://www.thoughtco.com/scale-insects-and-mealybugs
Picture
https://www.epicgardening.com/scale-insects/

Ladybug Lifecycle



LaceWing Life cycle 



AntLion


Antlions are the larval stage of lacewing like insects in the family Myrmeleontidae.

Praying Mantis



Incomplete Metamorphosis: When the nymph resembles the adult and there is no pupa stage  
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8/26/2019

Plant Disease

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Plant immune System



plant Disease Resistant Genes



How Does it Work?



How Fungi Enter Cells


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8/22/2019

Soil Composition

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What is Soil Made of


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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128092705000145

​The basic components of 
soil are minerals, organic matter, water and air. The typical soil consists of approximately 45% mineral, 5% organic matter, 20-30% water, and 20-30% air. These percentages are only generalizations at best.

Soil Recipe


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http://omamas.com/edible-container-garden-a-

rocks become soil


Picture
https://www.soils4teachers.org/weathering

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8/22/2019

Supplies

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Supplies for Hydroponic System







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8/21/2019

Plant Fertilizer

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8/19/2019

Hydroponics

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How to Build a Hydroponic System



Aquaponics


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https://www.greenandvibrant.com/aquaponic-gardening

Urban food Production


Picture
http://www.aquaponicsbuzz.com/profitable-aquaponics-marketing-and-costs/

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8/15/2019

types of plant seeds

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Seed Technology


Monocots and Dicots
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Plant growth time lapses



Seed Methods



C3 and C4 plants


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8/12/2019

where do plants come from?

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Cyanobacteria Stromatolites


http://www.almadartebio.org/biology-page/types-of-life

​Stromatolites: are about 3.5 billion years old, calcareous mound built up of layers of lime-secreting cyanobacteria and trapped sediment, found in Precambrian rocks as the earliest known fossils, and still being formed in lagoons in Australasia.

Prokaryotes: about 3.5 billion years ago, a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles.
  • Prokaryotes include the bacteria and cyanobacteria.

Types of cells:
  • Prokaryotic cells
  • Eukaryotic cells

​Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, eukaryotic cells do not

Endosymbiotic Theory: the theory that free-living prokaryotic cells engulfed (ate) other free-living prokaryotic cells billions of years ago, forming eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts


​Photosynthesis is the chemical reaction through which sunlight is transformed into sugar to use as:

1). usable energy to power cellular functions
2). stored energy that is kept in oils as potential energy and
3). some energy is used as building blocks for cell structures.  

The molecule that cells use to power energy requiring functions is called ATP. 


algae, a single celled organism that is not a plant but does photosynthesize.  

It is a protist.  

Algae can help us as food, fertilizer, and biofuel.  it forms a big part of the base of the planetary food chain along with plankton.


Algae can be grown in open ponds and then the cells can be broken and separated into many components (pg 86).  We can get oil for biodiesel, the carbohydrates can be fermented and used to produce ethanol which can be burned as fuel or electricity, the proteins can be used to feed people or livestock and the leftover biomass can be used as an organic fertilizer or burned for heat or electricity.  It is good to consider our alternative, renewable energy sources.

Energy many be measured in joules, a joule is equal to the energy transferred to an object when a force of one newton acts on that object in the direction of its motion through a distance of one metre.

A megajoule is 1,000,000.00 joules

Producing one megajoule of Biodiesel removes 183 Kilograms of the greenhouse gas CO2 from the air while producing one megajoule of energy in Ethanol from corn adds 81-84 Kilograms of CO2 to the air. 

We breathe out CO2 and plants use it to photosynthesize, a by product of photosynthesis is oxygen and we need a balance of chemicals in the air because breathing in too much CO2 is not good for us.

Here are some of the common symptoms of too much CO2, we call it respiratory acidosis:
  • fatigue or drowsiness.
  • becoming tired easily.
  • confusion.
  • shortness of breath.
  • sleepiness.
  • headache.

We could die in an unbalanced environment.
​

Plant Development



energy sources for machines


CURRENT ENERGY SOURCES IN THE US
  • 40% fossil fuel petroleum
  • 8% Nuclear Electric Power
  • 23% Natural GAs
  • 22% Coal
  • 7% Renewable Energy
OF THAT 7% THAT IS RENEWABLE ENERGY
  • 1% Solar energy, less than 1%
  • 36% Hydroelectric
  • 5% Geothermal energy
  • 53% Biomass
  • 5% Wind Energy
  • SO you can see, there is room for growth here 

think about the energy that is consumed to produce our food 


Ecowave 


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8/8/2019

Plant Propagation

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Ways for Plants to Reproduce


Watermelon have Male and Female Flowers 
Picture
https://www.thesill.com/blogs/diy/plant-propagation-for-beginners

Pothos Cuttings


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Root Separation 


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plant Recovery 


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