We use nutrients to produce cellsWe use cells to build tissues and organs, and self repair   Macro and micronutrients in our foodNutrients Components in food that the body needs to grow, develop, and repair itself Macronutrients proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, nutrients that living beings need to maintain health.  Carbohydrates the sugars, starches and fibers found in fruits, grains, vegetables and milk products Complex Carbohydrates (Polysaccharides) a carbohydrate made up of many simple sugars linked together, a polymer of monosaccharides, examples are starch and glycogen Simple sugar (monosaccharide) A carbohydrate made of a single sugar subunit, and example is glucose Glycogen A complex animal carbohydrate made up of linked chains of glucose molecules, a source of stored energy Starch A complex plant carbohydrate made up of linked chains of glucose molecules; a source of stored energy Fiber A complex plant carbohydrate that is not digestible by humans  Micronutrients Micronutrients are nutrients including vitamins and minerals that organisms must ingest in small amounts to maintain health. Mineral an inorganic chemical element required by organisms for normal growth, reproduction, and tissue maintenance. Examples are calcium, iron, potassium, and zinc  Vitamin an organic molecule required in small amounts for normal growth, reproduction, and tissue maintenance  Essential Nutrients a substance that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from food, certain amino acids, fatty acid, vitamins and minerals.  Essential Amino Acids eight amino acids that the body cannot synthesize and must obtain from food  Nutrients build and repair tissuesNutrients are used to replace and maintain the cells that do the work of tissue repair IllnessOsteoporosis A disease characterized by thinning bones  Diabetes A disease that is characterized by abnormally high blood-sugar levels  Insulin a hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar Breaking foods downEnzyme a protein that speeds up the rate of a metabolic reaction Cofactor an inorganic substance such as a metal-ion that is required to activate an enzyme Coenzyme a small organic molecule, such as a vitamin, required to activate the enzyme Activation Energy the energy required for a chemical reaction to proceed, enzymes accelerate reaction by reducing the activation energy Substrate a compound or molecule that an enzyme binds to and on to which it acts Active Site the part of the enzyme that binds to substrates Catabolic Reaction any chemical reaction that breaks down complex molecules into more simple molecules Anabolic Reaction any chemical reaction that combines simple molecules to build more complex molecules  Metabolism all biochemical reactions occurring in an organism including reactions that break down food molecules and reactions that build new structures EnergyFood has calories that fuel energy   Energy is the ability to do work including the building of complex molecules. Cells turn energy from food into ATP: AdenosineTriPhosphate ATP is like money in the cell world Where does ATP come from?To produce ATP we need oxygen and the help of mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell, oxygen comes from plants and other producers, we help producer when we breathe out carbon dioxide  Aerobic respiration is the process of using oxygen to produce ATP in mitochondria   Oxidative Phosphorylation a process involving a flow of electrons through the electron transport chain Mitochondria membrane bound organelles in the cell that float around the cell, they have their own DNA, they produce ATP using sugar and oxygen and our cells can use that ATP for cell work. Each step in the process of building a protein takes energy, the energy is called ATP. What about excess calories?  Work Inside the Cell Requires EnergyHow the images are made
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