Week of august 27 to august 31: energy flow

8/26/2018

Week of august 27 to august 31: energy flow

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energy

Energy is the capacity to do work, cellular work includes building complex molecules and moving substances in and out of the cell.

Chemical Energy: potential energy stored in the bonds of biological molecules (Food)

Potential Energy: stored energy (Food)

Kinetic Energy: the energy of motion or movement, (muscle movement, digestion breaks down food and releases energy)

Heat: the kinetic energy generated by random movements of molecules or atoms (transfer of energy from food to muscle to environment

Plants

Autotroph: plants are autotrophs, they capture energy from the sunlight through photosynthesis

don't need to eat other beings
plants, algae, some bacteria

Photosynthesis: the process by which plants and other autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to make energy rich molecules using carbon dioxide and water

Plants take sunlight and make sugars, glucose sugar, chemical energy.

The glucose sugar goes to:

usable energy: chemical energy to power cellular functions
Stored energy: potential energy stored in oil
cell structures: building blocks for new cells

Chloroplast: the organelle in the plant cell where photosynthesis occurs

Sunlight has Photons: packets of light energy, each with a specific wavelength and quantity of energy

A photon is both a wave and a particle

Light Energy: the energy of the electromagnetic spectrum of radiation

Chlorophyll: The pigment present in the green parts of plants that absorbs photos of light energy during photosynthesis

ATP, Adenosinetriphosphate: The molecules that cells use to power energy-requiring functions

Carbon Fixation: the conversion of inorganic carbon CO2 into organic forms, sugars

Photosynthesis:

Pigments help absorb colors of light with certain wavelenghts.
the color of the pigment comes from the pigment of the wavelength of the light reflected
Plants appear green because they reflect yellow and green light
Red and blue wavelenghts of light are absorbed by the pigments and provide the energy that is used for photosynthesis
This happens in chloroplasts
- light dependent reactions
- and Calvin Cycle
- in the chloroplasts are thylakoids
- they are surrounded by a fluid filled space called stroma
- the reactions that synthesize glucose occur in the stroma

Thylakoid: where light dependent reactions happen, Calvin Cycle, 2:29 in video

calvin cycle

RuBisCO
an enzyme present in plant chloroplasts, involved in fixing atmospheric carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and in oxygenation of the resulting compound during photorespiration

Produce:

glucose
fatty acid
glycerol

algae

photosynthetic protist

Protist: is any eukaryotic organism (one with cells containing a nucleus) that is not an animal, plant or fungus

The base of the food web

Plankton

Diatoms

Diatoms are Phytoplankton, a single-celled alga that has a cell wall of silica. Many kinds are planktonic, and extensive fossil deposits have been found

biofuel

Algae produce biofuel

Red Tide: some species of algae can be toxic and reproduce too quickly.
Sometimes nitrogen from fertilizers used in agricultural fields can promote rapid growth of algae, we could filter this algae out of the water and let it dry, then use it as fertilizer.