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1/24/2021

The Geology and Earth Systems that Sustain Biomes

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Earth Systems


  • Hydrosphere (water)
  • ​​Geosphere/ Lithospere (land)
  • Biosphere (living things)
  • Atmosphere (air)

Hydrosphere


A hydrosphere is the total amount of water on a planet. The hydrosphere includes water that is on the surface of the planet, underground, and in the air. A planet's hydrosphere can be liquid, vapor, or ice.
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/hydrosphere/
Bodies of Water:
  • ​oceans
  • lakes
  • rivers
  • glaciers
  • ground water
  • polar ice caps
The water moves within a water cycle:
Water continually cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere via transpiration, evaporation, condensation and crystallization, and precipitation, as well as downhill flows on land.
Picture
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/Water
About 2.1% of all of Earth's water is frozen in glaciers. 97.2% is in the oceans and inland seas 2.1% is in glaciers 0.6% is in groundwater and soil moisture less than 1% is in the atmosphere less than 1% is in lakes and rivers less than 1% is in all living plants and animals.
https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/glaciers-and-icecaps?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects

Geosphere


Rocks and minerals
Sediments
Picture
https://www.nps.gov/articles/coastal-sediments-material-size.htm
Mountains
Volcanoes
  • lava
  • magma
Picture
https://earthhow.com/igneous-rocks/
Tectonic Plates
Picture
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/plate-boundaries/
Soil Composition
Picture
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128092705000145

Soil Particles in a Soil Sample


Picture
http://www.plantsgalore.com/care/soil/soil-composition.htm

The Properties of the soil matters to plants and animals 



The geology of a Biome will affect the Life there



Rocks are weathered and ERODED to make soil


Physical Weathering
Biological Weathering
Chemical Weathering
Picture
https://sciencetrends.com/what-is-chemical-weathering-with-examples/

Rocks release phosphorous 



ATP is ADENOSINE TriPhosphate 


ATP, Adenosine Triphosphate, is made by mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell, ATP is the currency used for cell work.  As a living being absorbs or eats phosphorous, it breaks down during digestion, and is used to assemble ATP.  We need oxygen to release ATP during the electron transport chain part of the process of ATP production. Rocks release phosphorous as they erode, it goes into plants, and then goes into the food web.
Picture
https://cen.acs.org/articles/95/i21/New-role-cells-suggested-ATP.html

The Nitrogen gets there thanks to the nitrogen cycle


78% of the air we breathe is nitrogen, however, the nitrogen that we breathe in does not work for our cells to build proteins, we need to get it from our plants or creatures that ate plants. 
Nitrogen follows a cycle:
  • Nitrogen in the air falls to the soil in rain.
  • In the soil, bacteria on the roots of nitrogen fixing plants combine the nitrogen with hydrogen to make ammonia, this is called nitrogen fixation.
  • Lighting also does this work
  • The ammonia is combined with oxygen by additional bacteria, this is called nitrification
  • The nitrogen is now nitrite
  • Nitrifying bacteria convert nitrite to nitrate
  • Plants can absorb nitrate, this is called assimilation
  • Some nitrate is consumed by denitrifying bacteria and they release nitrogen to the atmosphere.
  • Some nitrogen returns to the atmosphere.
  • When an animal poops or dies, nitrogen is released into the soil and back into the nitrogen cycle.

Healthy soil is full of life


Red Wiggler Worms help soil bacteria and fungi reproduce as they break down plant matter and produce fertilizer.

composting Worms


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A post shared by Jazmin Biology (@myinfinitespiral)

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A post shared by Jazmin Biology (@myinfinitespiral)

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A post shared by Jazmin Biology (@myinfinitespiral)

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A post shared by Jazmin Biology (@myinfinitespiral)

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A post shared by Jazmin Biology (@myinfinitespiral)


Under the Surface


Pockets of Freshwater under the Sea
Aquifers
Natural Gas
Fossil Fuels

Ice COres can show past gas LEVELS in the atmosphere 


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    Author: Jazmin Gannon

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