week of September 10 to september 14: bring it all together

Project

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Pick a form of energy and create a poster that shows the parts that are involved and how energy is transferred in the system, you may work by yourself or in a group.

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to design your own ASSIGNMENT Ask Yourself:

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Choose your work dynamic:

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1. Do you want to work by yourself or with others?
2. Would you like to work with a partner or with a team?
3. If you want to work in a team would you prefer to work with three or four people?

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Choose a type of energy:

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1. Sunlight use for photosynthesis
2. Plankton
3. Energy from food
4. Fuel, bio diesel or ethanol
5. Nutrients going through the cell membrane

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Make a poster that shows how that energy moves, label the parts of the system

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1. Present what you learned
2. Teach the whole class what you learned
3. Think of an activity or an icebreaker to present your topic
4. Practice your art skills

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SYstems of energy transfer

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Photosynthesis

1. sunlight is absorbed by chloroplasts in the plant leaf
2. Sunlight has Photons: packets of light energy, each with a specific wavelength and quantity of energy, light is measured in frequency, we measure frequency in nanometers (nm)
3. Chloroplast: the organelle in the plant cell where photosynthesis occurs
4. Chlorophyll: The pigment present in the green parts of plants that absorbs photos of light energy during photosynthesis 
5. Chlorophyll a absorbs light in the blue-violet region, while chlorophyll b absorbs red-blue light. Blue light has a wavelength of 430 nanometers (nm) and red light has 662 nm
6. Green light is reflected because it is not absorbed by the plant, green light is at about 550nm​
7. Calvin cycle: the set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis.
   

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https://www.quora.com

• Plants use the sunlight and CO2 from the air to make sugar 
• ​Carbon Fixation: the conversion of inorganic carbon CO2 into organic forms, sugars
  
• We call the energy molecules formed ATP, Adenosinetriphosphate: The molecules that cells use to power energy-requiring functions
• Oxygen is a byproduct of photosynthesis
• We need oxygen to breathe

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Nutrients going through the cell membrane

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1. cell membranes are made of a lipid bilayer 
2. Has embedded proteins doors and channels
   
3. Simple diffusion – uses no energy movement of small or lipophilic molecules (e.g. O2, CO2, etc.)
4. Osmosis – movement of water molecules (dependent on solute concentrations)
5. Facilitated diffusion – requires energy to get done, movement of large or charged molecules via membrane proteins (e.g. ions, sucrose, etc.)

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Plankton

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1. The base of the global food chain, a collection of beings
2. Single cell organisms
3. Large animals migrate to the Arctic to feed on plankton... fish and whales
4. Algae are Phytoplankton, they are protists
5. Protist: is any eukaryotic organism (one with cells containing a nucleus) that is not an animal, plant or fungus
6.  They practice photosynthesis, phytoplankton release molecular oxygen (O2) into the water as a waste biproduct
7. It is estimated that about 50% of the world's oxygen is produced via phytoplankton photosynthesis
8. They are keeping us alive, the whole planet
9. So plankton refers to small and microscopic organisms drifting or floating in the sea or fresh water, consisting chiefly of diatoms, protozoans, small crustaceans, and the eggs and larval stages of larger animals
10. They absorb CO2 and take it down to the bottom of the ocean, to Bikini Bottom, we call this system the biological pump
11. Whales have been seen helping the plankton sink to the bottom, they are farming, intentionally

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Energy from food

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1. Chemical Energy: potential energy stored in the bonds of biological molecules (Food)
2. Potential Energy: stored energy (Food)​
3. Kinetic Energy: the energy of motion or movement, (muscle movement, digestion breaks down food and releases energy)
4. Macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
   
5. Micronutrients: vitamins and minerals that organisms must ingest in small amounts to maintain health
   
6. Digestion: we call the process of breaking down food digestion, the point of digestion is to extract energy from food and absorb it, and use it
   
7. Enzymes: We use enzymes to break down food , an enzyme is a protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction, they accelerate the activation energy
   
8. Activation Energy: The energy required for a chemical reaction to proceed, enzymes reduce activation energy to speed up chemical reactions 
   
9. Insulin: a hormone that is secreted by the pancreas, it regulates blood sugar.  It is also a protein, a chain of amino acids that is produced by the pancreas.  Insulin binds to cells in the body and enables them to absorb sugar from the blood.
   
10. Facilitated Diffusion: Glucose enters the cell through facilitated diffusion using a protein door in the cell membrane's lipid bilayer
    
11. Metabolism: all biochemical reactions hat happen in an organism reactions that break down food molecules and reactions that build new cell structures 

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Fuel, bio diesel or ethanol

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1. Biofuel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel
   
2. A megajoule is 1,000,000.00 joules
3. Producing one megajoule of Biodiesel removes 183 Kilograms of the greenhouse gas CO2 from the air. 
4. Good sources are hemp and algae 
5. As part of the photosynthesis process algae produce oil and can generate 15 times more oil per acre than other plants used for biofuels, such as corn
6. Algae can grow in salt water, freshwater or even contaminated water, at sea or in ponds, and on land not suitable for food production.
7. Producing one megajoule of energy in Ethanol from corn adds 81-84 Kilograms of CO2 to the air. 
8. NMSU is working on biofuel from algae for vehicles and jet fuel

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What other systems of energy do we have?