Review for Test on THursday Sept 5th

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Let's check our knowledge 

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Vocabulary

Concepts

Applications and Practice

Crosscutting 
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​1.  The structure, properties, and transformations of matter can best be 
     explained by which of the following?

      A. The way in which electromagnetic radiation interacts with different
           substances
      B. Gravitational forces from the environment on subatomic particles
      C. The number of atoms of an element in one mole of that substance
      D. Attraction and repulsion between electric charges at the
           atomic level

2. Polymers are substances that are often flexible and durable.
    These properties are best explained by the fact that polymers are–

      A. large molecules synthesized through complex laboratory procedures.
      B. made, predominantly, of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
      C. molecules consisting of long chains of repeating units of atoms.
      D. substances produced by plants that have these properties.

3. Which of the following statements regarding the energy produced
     during cellular respiration is most accurate?

     A. The majority of the energy produced is lost to the environment as
          heat.
     B. The energy must be transferred across the cell membrane to be used.
     C. The energy produced must be stored in specialized organelles within
          the cell.
     D. The amount of energy produced is greater than the amount of
          energy required.

4. Shown here is an incomplete chemical equation for the reaction known
     as photosynthesis.

      6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → 6O2 + ____

    Which of the following substances correctly completes the equation?

     A. Water
     B. Carbon dioxide
     C. Glucose
     D. Oxygen




5. Which of the following summarizes the flow of matter and energy in
     cellular respiration?

     A. Energy is consumed to rearrange carbon dioxide molecules into
          glucose and oxygen.
     B. Carbon and energy are required to transform sugar molecules into
          water molecules.
     C. Energy is released when sugar and oxygen are recombined to form
          carbon dioxide and water.
     D. As oxygen and carbon dioxide are used, energy and glucose are
          consumed.

6. Albumin is a protein produced in the liver of both pigs and humans. 
    Based on this information, what other similarity can we predict 
    between these two organisms? Both organisms–

     A. have more complex DNA than organisms that do not produce
          albumin.
     B. have DNA that codes for globulin, another protein found in the liver.
     C. produce new sequences of DNA in the same region of their livers.
     D. share a similar sequence in one section of their DNA that codes for
          albumin.

​7. Which of the following observations would support the claim that DNA
    determines the structure of proteins produced by cells?

     A. Organisms that produce proteins have different lengths of DNA.
     B. Similar DNA sequences are found in organisms that produce the
          same protein.
     C. Both DNA and the production of proteins was observed in early life
          forms.
     D. DNA is found in the nucleus of all cells that produce proteins.
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8. Huntington’s disease (HD) is a condition which results from the inability
    to produce a certain protein. Which of the following is most likely the
    cause of Huntington’s disease?

     A. A structural problem within the nucleus
     B. An increase in glucose in the blood
     C. A decrease in the fat intake of their diet
     D. A miscoding in the DNA sequence


9. Which of the following processes is directly responsible for growth in
     living organisms?

     A. The division of cells into two identical cells
     B. The movement of water across a cell membrane
     C. The production of reproductive cells called gametes
     D. The exchange of the gases oxygen and carbon dioxide

​10. DNA replication is an important part of cellular division because correct
      replication–

     A. ensures that identical and complete genetic information is passed
          to both daughter cells.
     B. produces mutations that usually are advantageous for the survival of
         the organism.
     C. combines sperm and egg to form a zygote that will develop into a
          new organism.
     D. communicates information about the cellular environment to
​          adjacent cells.

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Main Points

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Photosynthesis takes energy from the sun and carbon dioxide to make sugar and oxygen

​Energy moves because of attraction and repulsion of charges

DNA code makes proteins

Monomer: One, Polymer: chain of monomers

DNA replication leads to 2 daughter cells with identical DNA