Practice Test 1

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Practice test for Molecules to Organisms, Matter and energy, and Interdependence of Communities

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1.  The structure, properties, and transformations of matter can best be       
     explained by which of the following?

     A. The way in which electromagnetic radiation interacts with different
​          substances
     B. Gravitational forces from the environment on subatomic particles
     C. The number of atoms of an element in one mole of that substance
     D. Attraction and repulsion between electric charges at the atomic
​          level

2. Water and ammonia molecules are roughly the same size and the same
    mass but ammonia boils at -28°F (-33°C) and water boils at 212°F (100°C).

    What can we conclude about the intermolecular forces between water
    and ammonia?

     A. Water has stronger intermolecular forces
     B. Ammonia has stronger intermolecular forces
     C. The intermolecular forces are the same strength
     D. Not enough information is given

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3. Polymers are substances that are often flexible and durable.
    These properties are best explained by the fact that polymers are–

     A. large molecules synthesized through complex laboratory procedures.
     B. made, predominantly, of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
     C. molecules consisting of long chains of repeating units of atoms.
     D. substances produced by plants that have these properties.
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4. The melting points and boiling points of substances can lead to
     inferences about the intermolecular attraction of the atoms of these
​    substances because higher melting and boiling points indicate that–

     A. the atomic mass of the substances is smaller.
     B. the substances produce exothermic reactions.
     C. atomic radii increase as heat is added.
     D. more energy is needed to separate molecules.

​​5. An incomplete diagram of the process of photosynthesis is provided
​    below.

  What is the missing component representing the substance taken into         the plant?

    A. Oxygen
    B. Soil
    C. Water
    D. Sugar

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​6. A test tube is filled with water and a green plant called elodea. When the
    plant is exposed to sunlight, it begins to produce bubbles. Which of the
    following is the most likely conclusion for the identity of the gas in the
​    bubbles?

​

   A. Oxygen
   B. Carbon dioxide
   C. Water vapor
   D. Hydrogen

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7. Which of the following statements regarding the energy produced during cellular
    respiration is most accurate?

    A. The majority of the energy produced is lost to the environment as
         heat.
    B. The energy must be transferred across the cell membrane to be used.
    C. The energy produced must be stored in specialized organelles within
         the cell.
    D. The amount of energy produced is greater than the amount of
​         energy required.

8. Shown here is an incomplete chemical equation for the reaction known
     as photosynthesis.

     6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → 6O2 + ____

   Which of the following substances correctly completes the equation?

    A. Water
    B. Carbon dioxide
    C. Glucose
    D. Oxygen

​

9. The graph provided shows the level of dissolved carbon dioxide in the
     environment of an aquatic plant over a twenty-four hour period. The
     shaded portion of the graph represents the time in the daily cycle of the
     plant when which of the following is happening?

    A. ​The plant switches from photosynthesis to metabolizing glucose.
    B. The plant is producing glucose at the highest levels of the day.
    C. The rate of photosynthesis is increasing due to increased sunlight.
    D. Levels of dissolved oxygen are increasing at a similarly rapid rate.

​

10. Yeast is placed in a sugar solution in a sealed flask. What changes to the
     environment of the flask would support the claim that the yeast is
​     performing anaerobic respiration?

    A. Decreasing CO2, increasing glucose, stable oxygen
    B. Increasing CO2, decreasing glucose, stable oxygen
    C. Stable CO2, decreasing glucose, increasing oxygen
    D. Increasing CO2, increasing glucose, decreasing oxygen

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11. Sugar produced as a result of photosynthesis is made up of which of the
​    following elements?

    A. Hydrogen, Magnesium, Carbon
    B. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
    C. Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen
    D. Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium

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​​12. In the diagram of cellular processes provided, what terms correctly
      identify the missing labels?

    A. 1 = Chemical energy, 2 = Carbon dioxide, 3 = Respiration
    B. 1 = Light energy, 2 = Carbon dioxide, 3 = Respiration
    C. 1 = Light energy, 2 = Diatomic oxygen, 3 = Oxidation
    D. 1 = Heat energy, 2 = Carbon dioxide, 3 = Respiration

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13. Which of the following summarizes the flow of matter and energy in 
     cellular respiration?

    A. Energy is consumed to rearrange carbon dioxide molecules into 
        glucose and oxygen.
    B. Carbon and energy are required to transform sugar molecules into 
        water molecules.
    C. Energy is released when sugar and oxygen are recombined to form 
        carbon dioxide and water.
    D. As oxygen and carbon dioxide are used, energy and glucose are 
        consumed.

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14. ​Which of the following provides the best evidence that living things use
      and recombine carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen to form molecules for
      new cells?

    A. The elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are among the most 
        common elements in the universe, but are not the most common
        elements on Earth.
   B. The cells of living things contain molecules made of the elements
        carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the same elements found in the
        glucose consumed by living things.
    C. The elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are able to bond with
         each other to form complex molecules that are chains of repeating
         structures.
    D. The relative amounts of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen found in the
         earth’s atmosphere have changed over the history of the planet
         during which living things evolved.

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15. Albumin is a protein produced in the liver of both pigs and humans.
      Based on this information, what other similarity can we predict 
      between these two organisms? Both organisms–

    A. have more complex DNA than organisms that do not produce 
         albumin.
    B. have DNA that codes for globulin, another protein found in the liver.
    C. produce new sequences of DNA in the same region of their livers.
    D. share a similar sequence in one section of their DNA that codes for 
        albumin.

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16. Which of the following observations would support the claim that DNA
     determines the structure of proteins produced by cells?

    A. Organisms that produce proteins have different lengths of DNA.
    B. Similar DNA sequences are found in organisms that produce
​        the same protein.
    C. Both DNA and the production of proteins was observed in early life
​         forms.
    D. DNA is found in the nucleus of all cells that produce proteins.

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17. Huntington’s disease (HD) is a condition which results from the inability
     to produce a certain protein. Which of the following is most likely the
​     cause of Huntington’s disease?

    A. A structural problem within the nucleus
    B. An increase in glucose in the blood
    C. A decrease in the fat intake of their diet
    D. A miscoding in the DNA sequence

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18. Scientists theorize that production of hemoglobin is coded on the 
     molecular location shown below. Which of the following observations
​     could be used as evidence to support this claim?

​

    A. ​This sequence of DNA is adjacent to another section that codes for a
         blood protein.
    B. This sequence was found to be identical in a group of people who
         produce functioning hemoglobin.
    C. This section of DNA is different in people who are unable to produce
         functioning hemoglobin.
    D. All people who were unable to produce functioning hemoglobin had a
​         DNA sequence of the same length.

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19. If two organisms are able to carry out the same life function, we can
     expect to find which of the following?

    A. Both organisms have specialized cells for this function.
    B. This function evolved in the two organisms at the same time.
    C. Both organisms live in the same habitat.
    D. These organisms have an identical number of chromosomes.
​
20. Which of the following processes is directly responsible for growth in
      living organisms?

    A. The division of cells into two identical cells
    B. The movement of water across a cell membrane
    C. The production of reproductive cells called gametes
    D. The exchange of the gases oxygen and carbon dioxide

​21. DNA replication is an important part of cellular division because correct
      replication–

    A. ensures that identical and complete genetic information is passed
​         to both daughter cells.
    B. produces mutations that usually are advantageous for the survival of
        the organism.
    C. combines sperm and egg to form a zygote that will develop into a new
         organism.
    D. communicates information about the cellular environment to adjacent
         cells.

22. Differentiation of cells is responsible for which feature of complex
      organisms?
      Without differentiation, complex organisms would not–

    A. require nutrients for growth.
    B. be multicellular.
    C. have specialized tissues.
    D. respond to their environment.

​23. Mitosis maintains complex organisms by which of the following
      processes?

    A. The removal of waste from the body
    B. The exchange of gas with the environment
    C. The formation of sperm and egg
    D. The healing of a cut after an injury

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24. Complex organisms develop specialized tissues as a direct result of
      which of the following processes?

    A. Cellular respiration
    B. Cellular differentiation
    C. Cellular growth
    D. Cellular division

​25. ​All of the following are true of body systems within an animal, EXCEPT–

    A. each system within the body is made up of multiple parts.
    B. body systems interact with other body systems at a given time.
    C. each part of a system only has functions for that system.
    D. systems can respond to the needs of the animal.

​26. Animals respond to threats in their environment by attacking or
      escaping.
     Either response is the result, mostly, of interactions between–

    A. the circulatory system and the reproductive system.
    B. blood circulation and hormone production.
    C. the nervous system and the muscular system.
    D. respiratory rates and defense against pathogens.

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27. The circulatory system requires the intervention of another body 
      system to help regulate and deliver blood. Which of the following 
      actions of tissues in another system contribute to the circulatory 
      system doing its job of delivering blood?
  
    A. Contractions of muscles
    B. Secretions of glands
    C. Breakdown of food
    D. Production of gametes

28. Which of the following correctly provides an example of the 
       hierarchical structure of living organisms?

    A. Organisms that live in the ocean, as opposed to on land, have 
         developed different ways to obtain oxygen.
    B. Human blood cells are specialized to transfer oxygen throughout the 
         body.
    C. The digestive system of animals is made up of organs that work 
         together to break down food.
    D. Reptiles and amphibians have a shared ancestry, so many of their 
         body structures are similar.
​
​29. Which of the following best represents hierarchical structural
      organization in plants?

    A. Different cells with xylem tissue work together to transport water
         throughout the entire plant.
    B. Some plants have changed little over millions of years of evolution,
         while others have changed quite a bit.
    C. Many aspects of plant growth are influenced by access to light, water,
         and minerals.
    D. Thorns are an adaptation some plants use to protect themselves from
​         predators.

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30. The graph provided shows the population of an organism introduced to
​       a new environment and how the population changed over sixty days

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​After the sharp rise, there was a leveling off of the population. What does this indicate?

    A. The life expectancy of the organisms in this population is about thirty
         days.
    B. This environment has only enough resources to support 250-300
        individuals of this organism.
    C. This organism needs thirty days to reach maturity before it can
         reproduce.
    D. This species is unable to reproduce, in any habitat, beyond a
         population of around 300 individuals.

31. It was originally estimated by scientists that the carrying capacity of
      humans on earth was approximately 1 billion people. The population of
      earth is now over 7 billion people. What is the best explanation for this?

     A. Humans have greatly exceeded their carrying capacity.
     B. Humans now consume less resources than they did previously.
     C. Humans have become more efficient in producing and replenishing
          food resources.
     D. The earth has continued to grow at the same rate as the human
​          population has.
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​32.  An incomplete concept map of carrying capacity is provided.

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 Which of the following factors would most accurately be placed in the same side of the concept map as “Increase in population of competitors"?

    A. Increase in reproductive success
    B. Decrease in available living space
    C. Increase in availability of freshwater
    D. Decrease in population of predators

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​33. It is possible that a particular species will exceed its carrying capacity
      in the short term. Which of the following will be the end result for the
      species?

    A. Population growth will continue to increase but at a lesser rate
    B. The population will level out and no longer grow.
    C. The population will crash and experience a sudden decrease or
​         extinction
    D. Other species will increase as well in order to balance the ecosystem

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​34. The populations of four species introduced into a new ecosystem
​       are plotted, for the first one hundred days in the graph provided.

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​Which species was first to reach the carrying capacity of the ecosystem for that particular kind of organism?

       A. Species 1
       B. Species 2
       C. Species 3
       D. Species 4

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