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4/29/2019

NM Biology EOC Test Review

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Biology Review for EOC



Attraction and repulsion between electric charges keep matter together

If more heat is needed to break bonds (boiling water) the intermolecular forces are stronger

Plants take in light and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and sugar

Plants produce oxygen bubbles in water

The energy produced by a plant is greater than the energy required, photosynthesis makes energy stored in sugar from light and carbon dioxide that we breathe out

After absorbing carbon dioxide, CO2 the plant makes sugar, we call this photosynthesis

Yeast produces CO2, eats sugar, does not use oxygen in fermentation

Aerobic=uses oxygen, Anaerobic= does not use oxygen

If two species have a similar protein, they have a similar DNA Code

DNA is instructions to make proteins, or other structures

Proteins are chains of amino acids

DNA tells the cell what order to put the amino acids in to make proteins

If two organisms carry out the same function, they might have similar cells

Cell division is responsible for growing organisms

Complex organisms have cell differentiaton

Cell differentiation leads to specialized tissues

Cell division aims to make genetically identical cells

Mitosis leads to 2 cells, Meiosis leads to 4 cells, Mitosis is general cell division

​Meiosis is cell division of sex cells (sperm and egg)

DNA lives in Chromosomes, Chromosomes live in Nucleus of Cell

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RNA is half of DNA, they have nucleic acids/ nucleotides
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ATCG A connects to T, C connects to G

Picture
Picture
DNA replication is using an RNA strand to add a complementary strand and make a DNA set

Cell work is called cellular respiration

Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell

​Mitochondria makes ATP in animals, Chloroplasts make ATP in plants

Each part of a system has specialized cells and also collaborates with other systems

The circulatory system depends on the muscle system to pump blood, veins have muscles

Animals respond to threats by receiving information in their nervous system and using their muscle system to move

An example of hierarchy in biology: cells make tissues, make organs, make organ systems, make organisms

Plant cell hierarchy: cells make xylem and phloem to transport nutrients

An environment has a carrying capacity, the max number of individuals that can live there, animals reproduce until they reach carrying capacity and then level out

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Founder effect is when a group of individuals go to another area and start a new populations

Bottleneck effect is a sudden reduction in the population diversity

Natural selection can be a predator eating more visible insects and the camouflaged insects surviving and reproducing

Natural selection is part of evolution


Genetic diversity leads to more genetic ability to adapt and survive

Gregor Mendel is considered the father of genetics

Picture
Energy is lost as heat, Autotrophs make their own energy, Heterotrophs consume energy, More energy is stored in Autotrophs

Trophic Level 1 is a producer, Trophic Level 4 is a predator

Energy is lost as we go up the trophic levels

Trophic pyramids are triangle shaped because they represent energy loss as the level goes up

​Grass has more biomass because even though a blade of grass is small, the collective weight of grass is greater than that of consumers

Producer-Plant- energy storage

Decomposing organisms turn into soil, geosphere

An ecosystem includes living and non living things, rocks and soil are included


earth's systems


Geosphere/Lithosphere

Mountains
Soil
Volcanoes
Tectonic Plates
Phosphorous cycle

Hydrosphere

Precipitation
Clouds
Steam
Humidity
Bodies of water
Streams
Lakes
Rivers
Ocean
Glacier
Hydrogen cycle

Atmosphere

Nitrogen
Oxygen
Water vapor
Many other gases, 
Industrial contaminants
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
​Carbon Cycle


​Biosphere

Plants
Algae
Animals
Bacteria
Protists
Fungi
​Nitrogen Cycle​

Earth and human activity


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1 degree Celsius is 33.8 degrees Farehneit
If we don’t change our pollution, mainly by putting carbon in the air, the planet will get about 1 degree Celsius hotter in the next decades. We can prevent this though:
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  • Carbon trapping from the atmosphere, store carbon in gas tanks for greenhouse fertilizer, as baking soda, or underground
  • Vertical farming
  • EcoWave electricity production using ocean waves
  • Solar Energy
  • Eating less food and dairy since cows contaminate with methane farts and burps
  • Mycoremediation, fungi mycellium can eat petroleum
  • Using less petroleum, drive less, consume local food that don’t have to travel long distances to get to you

Good luck with the EOC, remember that test scores do not define you but you are smart and can do anything you want to do in this life.
​


New Mexico biology eoc composition


In case they use older standards, this is from:
https://www.usatestprep.com/nm/biology-eoc-nm-scs-test


NM Biology EOC review aligned to New Mexico standards.
 
Scientific Thinking and Practice                                            6%
Biodiversity, Ecology, and Energy                                          24%
Genetics                                                                                     30%
Biological Evolution                                                                  18%
Structure and Function & Biochemical Mechanisms          22%

concepts covered


​Scientific Thinking and Practice

1. Investigation Components
2. Design Scientific Investigation
3. Equipment And Technologies
4. Convey Results Of Investigations
5. Scientific Theories
6. Valid And Reliable Results
7. Logic And Reasoning
8. New Scientific Knowledge
9. Review And Analyze
10. Current Interesting Science
11. Investigations Of Past Events
12. Display And Analyze Data
13. Mathematical Models
14. Use Technologies
15. Measurement Errors
16. Use Mathematics

Biodiversity, Ecology, and Energy

1. Complex Ecosystems
2. Cooperation And Competition
3. Limiting Factors
4. Human Activities And Ecosystems
5. Matter And Energy Flow
6. Trophic Levels And Energy
7.  Photosynthesis
8. Hierarchical Classification
9. Species Variation

Genetics

1.  DNA
2.  Genetics Vocabulary
3.  Laws Of Inheritance
4.  Inherited VS. Acquired Traits
5.  Genetic Recombination And Mutation
6.  Sexual And Asexual Reproduction
7.  Chromosome Number

Biological Evolution

1.  Evidence
2. Common Ancestor
3. Data Supports Evolution
4. Factors For Evolution
5. Survival Of The Fittest
6. Evidence For Evolution

Structure and Function & Biochemical Mechanisms

1.  Cell Composition
2. Cell Structure
3. Mechanisms For Cellular Processes
4. Cell Membrane And Transport
5. Cell Differentiation
6. Protein Synthesis
7. Cell Functions And Chemical Reaction


A Study Guide:

https://ahs-amsd-nm.schoolloop.com/file/1244091751555/1407107798836/5864204438433933374.pdf


The test will use EOC bank questions that are aligned to the new NGSS Standards:

https://webnew.ped.state.nm.us/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Memo_STEM_Ready_Standards.pdf



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