ALMA D'ARTE

Alma d' Arte Biology

  • Home
  • Assignments
  • Syllabus
  • Resources

3/1/2020

Gene COde

0 Comments

Read Now
 

Connect Genetics to Protein Synthesis



WHat is a gene?



DNA Transcription and Translation



​RNA is synthesized from DNA by an enzyme known as RNA polymerase during a process called transcription.

The new 
RNA sequences are complementary to their DNA template, rather than being identical copies of the template. 

RNA is then translated into proteins by structures called ribosomes.
​

Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the instructions to make a particular protein of the DNA from the nucleous to the ribosomes. 

The process of producing mRNA from instructions in the DNA is called transcription. 

During transcription, the DNA molecule unwinds and separates exposing the nitrogenous bases. 

Free RNA nucleotides pair with the exposed bases. 

No thymine (T) is in RNA.  Uracil (U) pairs with adenine (A) instead. 

RNA contains the sugar ribase instead of deoxyribose. 

The mRNA molecule is completed by the formation of bonds between the RNA nucleotides, and it then separates them from the DNA. 

The mRNA molecule is a single strand, unlike DNA.
​

Picture

https://socratic.org/questions/how-would-you-describe-the-steps-in-protein-synthesis
​

Picture
https://kids.britannica.com/students/assembly/view/53364
​


Protein FOlding


Picture
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01357-6
​

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140113154211.htm
​

https://news.uchicago.edu/story/discovery-new-fossils-reveals-key-link-evolution-hind-limbs
​


Chitin is a protein in mushrooms, also sea sponges, crustaceans, and insects



The theory of fish:

​https://www.fishkeepingworld.com/evolution-of-fish/


Agnathan
​

Picture
https://www.britannica.com/animal/sea-lamprey
​

https://www.pnas.org/content/101/36/13273

They have chitinous teeth:

https://books.google.com/books?id=bvAqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA288&lpg=PA288&dq=agnathan+chitin&source=bl&ots=oKX_Dmfsa1&sig=ACfU3U27yAJg3uH8zRExhYjBPxjDQN8bxw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwit7-uQs_vnAhUB2qwKHcg8Cts4ChDoATADegQIChAB#v=onepage&q=agnathan%20chitin&f=false

https://books.google.com/books?id=t4jjBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA881&lpg=PA881&dq=agnathan+teeth+are+made+of+chitin&source=bl&ots=QVyP0p5TWf&sig=ACfU3U04pCpZXzJNvBioh-gVzhHMyD8fLg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiSnOXCs_vnAhUJ26wKHYnxAvIQ6AEwFXoECA0QAQ#v=onepage&q=agnathan%20teeth%20are%20made%20of%20chitin&f=false


Chondrichthyes



Fish with cartilage skeletons
​

There is a chitin/fish connection here:

https://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=82188
​


​Chitin based barrier in some fish:
Picture
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-chitin-based-barrier-immunity-model-a-A-model-The-intestinal-mucosal-surface-of-the_fig2_327210331
​


Chitin Molecular Structure


Picture

​https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/psr.2016.1.issue-9/psr-2016-0048/psr-2016-0048.xml
​

Structure and FUnction



​Pg 331
​


Fossil Record



Geological Timescale


Picture
http://prehlife.weebly.com/paleozoic.html

Share

0 Comments



Leave a Reply.

Details

    Author: Jazmin Gannon

    A place to grow

    Archives

    February 2021
    January 2021
    December 2020
    November 2020
    October 2020
    September 2020
    August 2020
    July 2020
    May 2020
    April 2020
    March 2020
    February 2020
    January 2020
    December 2019
    November 2019
    October 2019
    September 2019
    August 2019
    July 2019
    May 2019
    April 2019
    March 2019
    February 2019
    January 2019
    December 2018
    November 2018
    October 2018
    September 2018
    August 2018
    July 2015

    Categories

    All

    RSS Feed

Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates.
  • Home
  • Assignments
  • Syllabus
  • Resources