let's learn more about Types of cells
Stem Cells
Adult Stem Cells/ Somatic Stem cells: Not specialized yet Pluripotent Stem Cells Have the capacity to self-renew by dividing and to develop into the three primary germ cell layers of the early embryo during gastrulation and therefore into all cells of the adult body, but not extra-embryonic tissues such as the placenta. Multipotent Stem Cells A cell with the ability to differentiate into a limited number of cell types in the body. Embryonic Stem Cells Cells from embryonic blastocyst, a few day old fetus, they get these from "leftover" IVF clinic embryos. Totipotent Stem Cells Can form all the cell types in a body, plus the extraembryonic, or placental, cells. These are embryonic cells within the first couple of cell divisions after fertilization. ​ 
Types of cells
Bone Cells
Blood Cells
​Red blood cell and white blood cell 
Muscle Cells
Fat Cells
Skin Cells
Stem cell technology for skin recovery Nerve Cells
Stem Cell treatment for vision epithelial cells​Epithelial cells line the stomach the intestines, our whole digestive tract, they have structures that help them absorb nutrients ​ 
Cell MembranesWhat all of these cells have in common is the cell membrane, membranes are made of a phospholipid bilayer an have channels that allow certain things in and out of the cell. 
https://open.oregonstate.education/aandp/chapter/3-1-the-cell-membrane/ Extracellular: Outside of the cell Intracellular: Inside the cell ​ Cell Membrane ReviewCholesterol in cell membranes Around 25-30% of a cell membrane has cholesterol. Cholesterol can fit into spaces between phospholipids and prevent water-soluble molecules from diffusing across the membrane. Cholesterol helps cells keep their shape and stay flexible. 
Membrane proteins
Membrane proteins do a series of jobs for the cell, receptor proteins relay signals between the cell's internal and external environments. Transport proteins move molecules and ions across the membrane. ​ 
​Transport Proteins Are channels in the cell membrane, the fluid mosaic model, that allow things in and out of the cell. 
Aquaporins are water channels for the cell ​ 
Receptor Proteins Are like antennae, they signal other cells and communicate with the outside of the cell, they may receive hormones or other messages 
Marker proteins
Extend across the cell membrane and serve to identify the cell. The immune system uses these proteins to tell friendly cells from foreign invaders. They are as unique as fingerprints. 
These proteins and elements are all part of the
Fluid-mosaic model A mosaic of components —including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character. 
Cell Transport Types
Osmosis
the spontaneous, no energy needed, movement of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane. From higher concentration to lower concentration to equalize the solution on both sides. 
​Simple Diffusion Moves with the flow, from high concentration to low concentration Facilitated Diffusion Movement with the flow/ with the concentration gradient, from high concentration to low, with the help of a transport protein. Passive Transport A movement of ions and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input, so no ATP needed, using a specialized channel protein in the cell membrane. ​Active Transport Movement against the regular gradient flow, from low concentration to high concentration. Movement of ions or molecules through a cell membrane using specialized proteins with enzymes, using ATP. Endocytosis Bringing things in, like large molecules, the cell will form a vesicle to bring something into the cell. Receptor Mediated Endocytosis The molecules that will enter the cell need to have a special signal so the cell can identify them Pinocytosis Taking in fluids, cell drinking Exocytosis Forming a vesicle to transport a molecule 
​Sodium Potassium Pump A form of active transport, transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell Very important in the function of neurons so action potentials can be fired Different Solutions​Tonicity ​measure of the osmotic pressure gradient Hypertonic Lower concentration of water, more solute molecules, makes cells shrink like pickles Hypotonic Less concentrated solution, more solute inside the cell, water will enter the cell and the cell might burst Isotonic concentration (of let's say salt) inside and outside the cell are equal We can see osmosis with an eggsperimentThe ten major systems of the bodyParts of the brain ​ How the heart works ​ The respiratory system Cell Specialization in Plants and anmals
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