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8/26/2019

Energy Flow

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Energy Potentially Cycles Around Indefinitely


Laws of Physics, Rules of Motion: 
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  • First Rule: An object will remain at rest or in a uniform state of motion unless that state is changed by an external force.

  • Second Rule: Force is equal to the change in momentum (mass times velocity) over time.
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  • Third Rule: For every action in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/major-laws-of-physics-2699071
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Sir Isaac Newton PRS was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author from the late 1600s 
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Energy motion



 Trophic Levels in a food chain


Autotroph (producer): An organism that produces its own food using sunlight or chemical energy

Heterotroph (consumer): An organism that consumes another organism for food

Food chain: A series of organisms in which energy is transferred to another

Food web: A network of feeding interactions, usually consisting of multiple food chains

Trophic level: Each step in a food chain or food web

Biomass: The total amount of living tissue within a trophic level


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Picture

​https://www.khanacademy.org/science/
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​Biomass and energy transfer:
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When energy enters a trophic level, some of it is stored as biomass (as part of organisms' bodies). This is the energy that's available to the next trophic level, since only energy storied as biomass can get eaten.

​As a rule of thumb, only about 10\%10%10, percent of the energy that's stored as biomass in one trophic level (per unit time) ends up stored as biomass in the next trophic level (per the same unit time). -- Khan Academy

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it starts with Photosynthesis 



Photosynthesis is the chemical reaction through which sunlight is transformed into sugar to use as:

1). Usable energy to power cellular functions

2). Stored energy that is kept in oils as potential energy and

3). Some energy is used as building blocks for cell structures.  

The molecule that cells use to power energy requiring functions is called ATP. 
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What is in food?


Food is a source of macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
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  • Micronutrients: vitamins and minerals that organisms must ingest in small amounts to maintain health 
 
  • Carbohydrates: fruits and veggies, grains, legumes
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  • Complex Carbohydrate (Polysaccharide): a carbohydrate made of many simple sugars linked together, a polymer of monosaccharides; examples are starch and glycogen
 
  • Starch: a complex plant carbohydrate made of linked chains of glucose molecules; a source of stored energy
 
  • Fiber: a complex plant carbohydrate that is not digestible by humans
 
  • Glycogen: a complex animal carbohydrate made of linked chains of glucose molecules; a source of stored energy
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  • Extra sugar/ glucose is converted into glycogen, this type of starch is then stored in the body.  When your body needs more glucose the glycogen is converted back into glucose.  If the body's glycogen stores are full, the excess carbohydrates are stored as fat.
 
  • Simple Carbohydrates/Simple sugar (Monosaccaride): a carbohydrate made up of a single sugar subunit; an example is glucose
 
  • Complex carbohydrates and starch turn into sugars
 
  • Proteins: Meats, Dairy, Legumes, also grains and veggies
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  • Fats: Dairy, meats, oils
 
  • A nutrient is a component in food that the body needs to grow, develop, and repair itself 
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  • WE get energy from food and it gives us the ability to do work like building complex molecules in our cells 

Essential nutrients: substances that cannot be synthesized by the body and need to be consumed, pre-assembled through the diet, this includes certain amino acids and fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals.
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Essential amino acids: there are eight amino acids that the body cannot synthesize and needs to get from food
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What Happens if we Eat Ramen Everyday?



What is a Healthy Diet?



Conductivity Activity



Animals Harness and use Electricity 


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    Author: Jazmin Gannon

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