DNA

​DNA: is the molecule of heredity, common to all life forms, that is passed from parents to offspring.
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• DNA exists in the nuclei of most cells
• DNA molecules are organized into structures called chromosomes
• Chromosomes consist of a single long DNA molecule wrapped around proteins
• If a single DNA molecule were stretched out it would be 1 to 3 meters long  

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• Chromosome: is a single, large DNA molecule that is wrapped around proteins; chromosomes are located in the nuclei of most eukaryotic cells 

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https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Chromosome

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• Nucleotides: the building blocks of DNA
  • Each has a sugar, a phosphate, and a base, one of four bases
  • Bases: A, C, G, and T
    • adenine (A)
    • thymine (T)
    • guanine (G)
    • cytosine (C)
  • The sequence is unique in each person

 

• Double helix: the spiral structure formed by two strands of DNA nucleotides bound together 

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• Hydrogen bonds: or base pairing hold the strands together

 

• Polymer: made up of building block molecules
  • Biopolymers made of monomers

 

• Genetic Code: the nucleotide triplets of DNA and RNA molecules that carry genetic information in living cells.

 

• DNA Profile: a visual representation of a person's unique DNA sequence

 

• Genome: one complete set of genetic instructions encoded in the DNA of an organism. ​

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WHat DNA Codes For

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• Amino acids: The building locks of proteins, there are 20 different amino acids
  • All amino acids have the same basic core structure but each also has a unique chemical side group
  • They bind together in linear chain,

• ​Protein: A macro molecule made up of repeating sub units known as amino acids, which determine the shape and function of a protein.  proteins play critical roles in organisms.

• Gene: a sequence of DNA that contains the information to make at least one protein

• Gene expression: the process of using DNA instructions to make proteins

• Phenotype: the physical attributes of an organism including observable and internal, non observable traits

• Alleles: alternative versions of the same gene that have different nucleotide sequences 

• Regulatory sequence: the part of the gene that determines the timing, amount, and location of a protein produced

• Coding Sequence: part of a gene that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein, identity, shape, and function of proteins.

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cell parts

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