How Cells DivideCells divide to produce more identical cells with the same genes, this is how tissues grow and regenerate, this process is called mitosis. Mitosis A type of cell division that results in two cells, each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth. Book Vocabulary Words: pg 147 Gene A sequence of DNA that contains the information to make at least one protein Gene Expression The process of using DNA instructions to make proteins. Genotype Genetic makeup of an organism Phenotype The physical qualities of an organism including observable or not observable traits Alleles Alternative versions of the same gene that have different nucleotide sequences. Zooming into DNA Tissue An organized group of different cell types that work together to carry out a particular function. Different types of cells make different tissues. There are Many Cell Types:
Stem Cells Immature cells that can divide and differentiate into specialized cell types
Cells are constantly replicatingCell Division The process by which a cell reproduces itself; it is normal and essential for growth and healing of tissues Sister Chromatid One or more identical DNA molecules that make up a duplicated chromosome following DNA replication Centromere The specialized region of a chromosome where the sister chromatids are joined Cytokinesis The physical division of a cell into two daughter cells Stages of mitosis Interphase:
Prophase:
Prometaphase:
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
Meiosis Cell Division , electron microscopy, we will look at min 6:06 to 8:55 MeiosisMeiosis: A specialized type of cell division that generates unique haploid gametes. Generates sex cells. Gamete: specialized reproductive cells that carry one copy of each chromosome, sperm are male gametes, egg are female gametes Haploid: having only one copy of every chromosome Exchange of genetic material, new gene combinations are formed on chromatids (recombination), all four haploid daughter cells will be genetically distinct (sister chromatids are no longer identical). motor proteinsStem CellsAdult Stem Cells (Somatic Stem Cells) Stems cells located in tissues that help maintain and regenerate those tissues Multipotent A cell with the ability to differentiate into a limited number of cell types in the body. Embryonic Stem Cells Stem cells that make up an early embryo which can differentiate into nearly every cell type in the body Pluripotent A cell with the ability to differentiate into nearly any cell in the body. Cancer and the Cell CycleCell Death: Apoptosis
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Author: Jazmin GannonA place to grow Archives
May 2021
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