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2/26/2019

more on the systems of systems

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organ systems


​Intergumentary System: Skin, hair, nails

Muscular System: Cardiac, Smooth Muscle, Skeletal Muscle

Circulatory System: Heart, Lungs, Aorta, Veins

Skeletal System: Bones and Cartilage

Urinary System: Bladder, Kidneys, Ureters

Digestive System: Salivary Glands, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Stomach, Mesentery, Small Intestine, Large Intestine

Nervous System: Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerve Cells

​Intergumentary System: Skin, hair, nails


Cells with protein Keratin

stem cell research for skin regeneration 



how hair grows



nails



Muscular System: Cardiac, Smooth Muscle, Skeletal Muscle


The average length of skeletal muscle cells in humans is about 3 cm (sartorius muscle up to 30 cm, stapedius muscle only about 1 mm). 

The sarcolemma (sarco (from sarx) from Greek; flesh, and lemma from Greek; sheath) also called the myolemma, is the 
cell membrane of a striated muscle fiber cell.
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  • It consists of a lipid bilayer and a thin outer coat of polysaccharide material (glycocalyx) that contacts the basement membrane.
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  • The basement membrane contains numerous thin collagen fibrils and specialized proteins

Sarcoplasmic reticulum: is a specialized type of smooth ER that regulates the calcium ion concentration in the cytoplasm of striated muscle cells.
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​Actin and myosin slide together along Z line using ATP as energy to move
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muscle types



muscle tissue repair



Myocyte (also known as a muscle cell): is the type of cell found in muscle tissue.
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  • Myocytes are long, tubular cells that develop from myoblasts to form muscles in a process known as myogenesis. 

Muscle Stem Cells: are dormant and can replicate when needed
  • Stem cells used to treat muscular dystrophy in mice.

Macrophage: a large phagocytic cell found in stationary form in the tissues or as a mobile white blood cell, especially at sites of infection.
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heart muscle



Circulatory System: Heart, Lungs, Aorta, Veins


veins have many types of cells

types of blood cells



​Red Blood Cells: transport oxygen in hemoglobin using iron, (erythrocytes)

​Platelets: clot, (thrombocytes)

White Blood Cells: defend you,  (leukocytes)

Plasma: Flow, 55% of blood

Skeletal System: Bones and Cartilage


​where blood cells are made

​Bone
 consists of four types of cells: osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and osteoprogenitor (or osteogenic) cells. 

urinary system


​Urinary System: Bladder, Kidneys, Ureters


​Kidneys: 

  • Remove waste from body
  • Balance body fluids
  • Release hormones to regulate blood pressure
  • Produce Red Blood Cells RBC, indirectly
    • Healthy kidneys produce a hormone called EPO.
    • EPO prompts the bone marrow to make red blood cells, which then carry oxygen throughout the body.
  • Remove drugs from body

Nephron:

  • Blood filtering unit
  • Glomerulus- glomerular filtration, some nutrients are reabsorbed

Ureter:
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  • tubes

Bladder:
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  • Sends messages to brain
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digestive system


Salivary Glands:
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  • By mouth, start food breakdown as you chew​

​Liver

What is the liver doing in there?


  • Blood filtration: from hepatic artery, from heart, or from intestine with carbs,fats, vitamins for absorption
  • Sorts nutrients, sores nutrients
  • Processing toxins, converts toxins into a less toxic substance
  • Send waste to kidneys
  • Make blood plasma proteins to transport fatty acids and help blood clot
  • Creates cholesterol for hormone flow
  • Makes Vitamin D for digestion
  • Makes bile, using toxic waste products
    • ​Stored in gallbladder
    • Neutralizes stomach acid
  • We need a healthy liver
    • The main threat to the liver is alcohol
    • Damage to the liver results in scarring (cirrhosis), which can lead to liver failure, a life-threatening condition.
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​
​Gallbladder

  • Stores bile- green
  • Secretes bile into small intestine
  • ​Helps break down fats
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​
​Pancreas

  • Is a mystery...
  • Not really, helps us digest
  • made of pancreatic ducts connect to small intestine, duodenum
  • Endocrine and exocrine function
  • Produce hormones to regulate blood sugar
  • Produce enzymes to break down food 
    • Protease- break down proteins
    • Lipase- break down fats
  • Works with bile from gallbladder to help break down food
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Stomach
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  • connected to nerves
  • gastric juice
  • moves food back and forth to break it down
  • moves food to intestine
  • goes back to regular size
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​
Mesentery

  • ​This is a new organ
  • Not quite, Leonardo Da Vinci called it first
    • ​Born: April 15, 1452, Anchiano, Italy
      Died: May 2, 1519
  • Holds organs in place, transports lymph
​

​​Small Intestine
​
  •  The small intestine has three distinct regions
    • duodenum
    • jejunum
    • ileum
  • 90% of the digestion and absorption of food occurs
    • The other 10% takes place in the stomach and large intestine
​

Large Intestine
​

nervous system


​
​Nervous System: Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerve Cells


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​Enteric nervous system: part of 
autonomic nervous system (ANS), in digestive tract



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2/24/2019

Activity: Drawing and Naming our organs

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organ systems that we covered last week


Intergumentary System: Skin, hair, nails

Muscular System: Cardiac, Smooth Muscle, Skeletal Muscle

Circulatory System: Heart, Lungs, Aorta, Veins

Skeletal System: Bones and Cartilage

Urinary System: Bladder, Kidneys, Ureters

Digestive System: Salivary Glands, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Stomach, Mesentery, Small Intestine, Large Intestine

Nervous System: Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerve Cells

nervous system function



visualize your organs, cells and systems


They are part of you

They are you

Consider giving your organs names, it can be people names, names you invent, names in any language, Roman Numerals, Greek Symbols, concepts, types of music...

What are your organs like? What do they like to eat? What music do they like?

Our organs depend on us to get the nutrients needed to replenish themselves, they know how to heal and grow and relay on us to get the resources into the system.

Did our organs choose us?

Did our cells Choose us?

How do cells choose what type of cell to be? They were all stem cells at some point.

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organ drawing ideas


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2/19/2019

Organ systems

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Let us draw out an organ system, write a description, and read it to the class... unless you have anxiety or really don't want to read out loud, it's cool. 

​You may work on your own or as part of a team


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intergumentary system



muscular system


ATP breaks down into: ADP and Inorganic Phosphate
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circulatory system



skeletal system



urinary system



homeostasis feedback loop



digestive system



nervous system



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2/13/2019

sustainability ideas

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what would you like to see in the future?


Eco Wave generating electricity from ocean waves:
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https://www.ecowavepower.com/

Biodigester for methane gas from cattle?
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https://www.build-a-biogas-plant.com/methane-and-biogas/

Carbon Capture:
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https://www.jwnenergy.com/article/2017/3/8-future-technologies-carbon-capture/

Indoor Hydroponic Vertical Farming:
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https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2018/08/14/vertical-farming-future

Mycelium Mushroom Building Materials: 
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https://criticalconcrete.com/building-with-mushrooms/

Earthships:
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https://highexistence.com/10-reasons-why-earthships-are-fing-awesome/
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https://ecobrooklyn.com/earthship-project-york/

Graphene for drinkable sea water:
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https://www.graphene-info.com/graphene-introduction

Solar Energy:
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Wind Energy:

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What else?



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2/13/2019

types of cells

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what type of cell is this?


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​What do you think the cell does?

What do the parts mean?
​

anatomy


Anatomy: the study of the physical structures that make up an organism

Physiology: the study of the way a living organism's physical parts function

Tissue: an organized collection of a single cell type working to carry out a
              specific function

Organ: a structure made up of different tissue types working together to
             carry out a common function

Organ System: a set of cooperating organs within the system

Homeostasis: the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
                         even when the external environment changes.

Thermoregulation: the maintenance of a relatively stable body temperature


nerve cell


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muscle cell


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connective tissue cell


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blood cells


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epithelial cells


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2/6/2019

future of food and water

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how trees pump water



what was that phosphorus cycle?



when essential elements become pollution 



water pollution



Nanotechnology: manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale. 
​


what about the pacific garbage patch?



urban survival



issues with food security



efforts to keep a class of second class citizens



black history month highlight


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2/5/2019

art activity

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Create a poster of one of the following cycles in a team and present it to class



water cycle
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  • Evaporation makes clouds
  • Precipitation rains down
  • Water goes downstream into lakes, rivers, and the ocean
  • Some water sinks down into the ground


​Carbon cycle
​


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  • we breathe out carbon dioxide
  • pollution, factories and cars release carbon dioxide
  • we get carbon from fossil fuels and carbon from mines
  • trees absorb carbon
  • algae absorbs carbon
  • if there is too much carbon, we call it the greenhouse effect


​nitrogen cycle
​


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  • There is nitrogen in the air
  • plants cannot absorb it
  • it goes into the ground
  • is absorbed by bacteria and fungi
  • turned into a type of nitrogen that plants can absorb 


PHOSPHOROUS cycle
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  • phosphorus comes off of rocks
  • gets washed down by the rain
  • is digested by fungi and bacteria
  • fertilizes plants
  • excess ends up in water

black history month



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2/4/2019

writing

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what would you like to see in the future?


Would you like to see sustainable technology?

  • Solar
  • Ecowave (getting energy from ocean waves)
  • Making sea water drinkable
  • Less genetically modified crops?

For people to consume less energy?

  • To revisit Tesla patents, or the energy efficient inventions of the past 100 years that have not become commercially available because they did not lead to fuel and wire sales
  • More fuel efficient cars or public transportation

What kind of city would you like to live in?

  • Do we need more megacities or more eathships?
  • More community spaces like recreation centers and parks that are free?
  • Health Care?
  • Do you want to work in a factory like Foxconn? 


https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/428314-wisconsin-deserves-better-than-foxconns-constant-waffling 

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    Author: Jazmin Gannon

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